Andrographolide

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpene found in Andrographis that exhibits antioxidative, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-metastatic, and anticancer activities. In vitro, andrographolide decreases TNF-?-induced generation of ROS and expression of ICAM-1 and increases levels of glutathione and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Andrographolide also decreases influenza-induced cell mortality in vitro by inhibiting activation of RIG1-like receptors (RLRs). Additionally, andrographolide suppresses development of diabetes in vivo by decreasing expression of IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-? and increasing expression of IL-10 and TGF-?. This compound also decreases production of NO, PGE2, iNOS, TNF-?, COX-2, and IFN-? in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In leukemia cells, andrographolide inhibits HSP90 activity, decreases Bcr-Abl levels, and induces apoptosis.