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Licnil 117 gmStrongyloidiasis of the intestinal tract: Licnil 117 gm is indicated for the treatment of intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis due to the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis. This indication is based on clinical studies of both comparative and open-label designs, in which 64-100% of infected patients were cured following a single 200-mcg/kg dose of Licnil 117 gm.Onchocerciasis: Licnil 117 gm is indicated for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. This indication is based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and comparative studies conducted in 1427 patients in onchocerciasis-endemic areas of West Africa. The comparative studies used diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C).Theropeutic ClassAnthelminticPharmacologyLicnil 117 gm selectively binds and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels, which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells leading to an increase in the permeability of cell membranes to chloride ions with hyperpolarization of the nerve or muscle cell and, ultimately, death of the parasite.Dosage & Administration of Licnil 117 gmStrongyloidiasis: The recommended dosage of Licnil 117 gm for the treatment of strongyloidiasis is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 200 mcg/kg of body weight. Patients should take tablets on an empty stomach with water. In general, additional doses are not necessary. However, follow-up stool examinations should be performed to verify eradication of infection. Dosage Guidelines for Licnil 117 gm for Strongyloidiasis: Body Weight (kg) 15-24: Dose 3 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 25-35: Dose 6 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 36-50: Dose 9 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 51-65: Dose 12 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 66-79: Dose 15 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) >80: Dose 200 mcg/kg Onchocerciasis: The recommended dosage of Licnil 117 gm is a single oral dose designed to provide approximately 150 mcg of Licnil 117 gm per kg of body weight on an empty stomach with water, the most commonly used dose interval is 12 months. For the treatment of individual patients, retreatment may be considered at intervals as short as 3 months. Dosage Guidelines for Licnil 117 gm for Onchocerciasis: Body Weight (kg) 15-25: Dose 3 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 26-44: Dose 6 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 45-64: Dose 9 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) 65-84: Dose 12 mg/kg Body Weight (kg) >85: Dose 150 mcg/kg Interaction of Licnil 117 gmPost-marketing reports of increased INR (International Normalized Ratio) have been rarely reported when Licnil 117 gm was co-administered with warfarin.ContraindicationsIt is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.Side Effects of Licnil 117 gmStrongyloidiasis: In four clinical studies involving a total of 109 patients given either one or two doses of 170 to 200 mcg/kg of Licnil 117 gm, the following adverse reactions were reported as possibly, probably, or definitely related to Licnil 117 gm. Body as a whole: asthenia/fatigue (0.9%), abdominal pain (0.9%) Gastrointestinal: anorexia (0.9%), constipation (0.9%), diarrhea (1.8%), nausea (1.8%), vomiting (0.9%) Nervous System/Psychiatric: dizziness (2.8%), somnolence (0.9%), vertigo (0.9%), tremor (0.9%) Skin: pruritus (2.8%), rash (0.9%), and urticaria (0.9%). Onchocerciasis: arthralgia/synovitis (19.3%), axillary lymph node enlargement and tenderness (11.0% and 4.4%, respectively), cervical lymph node enlargement and tenderness (5.3% and 1.2%, respectively), inguinal lymph node enlargement and tenderness (12.6% and 13.9%, respectively), other lymph node enlargement and tenderness (3.0% and 1.9%, respectively), pruritus (27.5%), skin involvement including edema, papular and pustular or frank urticarial rash (22.7%), and fever (22.6%), abnormal sensation in the eyes, eyelid edema, anterior uveitis, conjunctivitis, limbitis, keratitis, and chorioretinitis or choroiditis. These have rarely been severe or associated with loss of vision and have generally resolved without corticosteroid treatment. The following adverse reactions have been reported since the drug was registered overseas: hypotension (mainly orthostatic hypotension), worsening of bronchial asthma, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy Category C. Licnil 117 gm does not appear to be selectively fetotoxic to the developing fetus. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Licnil 117 gm should not be used during pregnancy since safety in pregnancy has not been established.Nursing Mothers: Licnil 117 gm is excreted in human milk in low concentrations. Treatment of mothers who intend to breast feed should only be undertaken when the risk of delayed treatment to the mother outweighs the possible risk to the newbornPrecautions & WarningsHistorical data have shown that microfilaricidal drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC-C), might cause cutaneous and/or systemic reactions of varying severity (the Mazzotti reaction) and ophthalmological reactions in patients with onchocerciasis. These reactions are probably due to allergic and inflammatory responses to the death of microfilariae. Patients treated with Licnil 117 gm for onchocerciasis may experience these reactions in addition to clinical adverse reactions possibly, probably, or definitely related to the drug itself. The treatment of severe Mazzotti reactions has not been subjected to controlled clinical trials. Oral hydration, recumbency, intravenous normal saline, and/or parenteral corticosteroids have been used to treat postural hypotension. Antihistamines and/or aspirin have been used for most mild to moderate cases. After treatment with microfilaricidal drugs, patients with hyperreactive onchodermatitis (sowda) may be more likely than others to experience severe adverse reactions, especially edema and aggravation of onchodermatitis. Rarely, patients with onchocerciasis who are also heavily infected with Loa loa may develop a serious or even fatal encephalopathy either spontaneously or following treatment with an effective microfilaricide. In these patients, the following adverse experiences have also been reported: back pain, conjunctival hemorrhage, dyspnea, urinary and/or fecal incontinence, difficulty in standing/walking, mental status changes, confusion, lethargy, stupor, or coma.Storage ConditionsKeep in a dry place, below 30?C. Protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.Use In Special PopulationsPediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients weighing less than 15 kg have not been established.Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Licnil 117 gm did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.