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Nitoxin 500 mgNitoxin 500 mg is indicated for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.Theropeutic ClassAnti-diarrhoeal AntiprotozoalPharmacologyNitoxin 500 mg is a synthetic antiprotozoal agent for oral administration. The antiprotozoal activity of Nitoxin 500 mg is believed to be interference with the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxido Reductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependant electron transfer reaction. This reaction is essential for anaerobic energy metabolism of the protozoa. Nitoxin 500 mg and its metabolites, tizoxanid are active in vitro in inhibiting the growth of sporozoites and oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia.Dosage & Administration of Nitoxin 500 mgAge 1-3 years: 1 tea-spoonfull or 5 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days. Age 4-11 years: 2 tea-spoonfulls or 10 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days.Age 12 years or above: 5 tea-spoonfulls (25 ml) suspension or 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 days. It is recommended to be administered with food.Dosage of Nitoxin 500 mgAge 1-3 years: 1 tea-spoonfull or 5 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days. Age 4-11 years: 2 tea-spoonfulls or 10 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days.Age 12 years or above: 5 tea-spoonfulls (25 ml) suspension or 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 days. It is recommended to be administered with food.Interaction of Nitoxin 500 mgIt is highly bound to plasma protein. Therefore, caution should be exercised when administering Nitoxin 500 mg concurrently with other highly plasma protein-bound drugs with narrow therapeutic index.ContraindicationsIt is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Nitoxin 500 mg or any components of the preparation.Side Effects of Nitoxin 500 mgThe most frequent side effects, reported by Nitoxin 500 mg are abdominal pain, vomiting and headache. These side effects are typically mild and transient in nature. Very rare side effects include- nausea, anorexia, flatulence, increased appetite, enlarged salivary glands, increased creatinine & SGPT level, pruritus, rhinitis, sweating, dizziness, discolored urine etc.Pregnancy & LactationUS FDA pregnancy category of Nitoxin 500 mg is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nitoxin 500 mg have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Nitoxin 500 mg is administered during lactation.Precautions & WarningsNitoxin 500 mg must be administered with caution to patients with hepatic & biliary disease and to patients with renal disease.Storage ConditionsKeep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.Drug ClassesAnti-diarrhoeal AntiprotozoalMode Of ActionNitoxin 500 mg is a synthetic antiprotozoal agent for oral administration. The antiprotozoal activity of Nitoxin 500 mg is believed to be interference with the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxido Reductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependant electron transfer reaction. This reaction is essential for anaerobic energy metabolism of the protozoa. Nitoxin 500 mg and its metabolites, tizoxanid are active in vitro in inhibiting the growth of sporozoites and oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia.PregnancyUS FDA pregnancy category of Nitoxin 500 mg is B. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nitoxin 500 mg have been shown to be excreted in human milk. So, caution should be exercised when Nitoxin 500 mg is administered during lactation.