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Boxol 100 mlThis is indicated in- Productive cough Acute and chronic inflammatory disorders of upper and lower respiratory tracts associated with viscid mucus including acute and chronic bronchitis Inflammatory disease of rhinopharyngeal tract (laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis and rhinitis) associated with viscid mucus ... Read moreThis is indicated in- Productive cough Acute and chronic inflammatory disorders of upper and lower respiratory tracts associated with viscid mucus including acute and chronic bronchitis Inflammatory disease of rhinopharyngeal tract (laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis and rhinitis) associated with viscid mucus Asthmatic bronchitis bronchial asthma with thick expectoration Bronchiectasis Chronic pneumonia etc. Theropeutic ClassCough expectorants & mucolyticsPharmacologyAmbroxol is a metabolite of Bromhexine. It possesses mucokinetic (improvement in mucus transport) and secretolytic (liquefies secretions) properties. Ambroxol stimulates the serous cells of the glands of the mucous membrane of bronchi, increasing the content of mucus secretion. The mucolytic effect is associated with depolymerization and splitting of mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharide fibres, which leads to reduction in the viscosity of mucus. Expectoration of mucus is facilitated and breathing is eased considerably. Ambroxol stimulates production of phospholipids of surfactant by alveolar cells. Ambroxol has anti-inflammatory properties. In patients with COPD, it improves airway patency. Beside these, Ambroxol also exhibits anti oxidant activity. Long-term use is possible because of the good tolerability of the preparation.Dosage & Administration of Boxol 100 mlAverage daily dose (preferably after meal):Pediatric Drops: 0-6 months: 0.5 ml 2 times a day 6-12 months: 1 ml 2 times a day 1-2 years: 1.25 ml 2 times a day Syrup: 2-5 years: 2.5 ml (1/2 teaspoonful) 2-3 times a day 5-10 years: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) 2-3 times a day 10 years and adults: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 3 times a day. Sustained release capsule:? Adult and children over 12 years old: 1 capsule once daily Specific application features: Ambroxol may be prescribed to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.Dosage of Boxol 100 mlAverage daily dose (preferably after meal):Pediatric Drops: 0-6 months: 0.5 ml 2 times a day 6-12 months: 1 ml 2 times a day 1-2 years: 1.25 ml 2 times a day Syrup: 2-5 years: 2.5 ml (1/2 teaspoonful) 2-3 times a day 5-10 years: 5 ml (1 teaspoonful) 2-3 times a day 10 years and adults: 10 ml (2 teaspoonful) 3 times a day. Sustained release capsule: Adult and children over 12 years old: 1 capsule once daily.Interaction of Boxol 100 mlAmbroxol should not be taken simultaneously with antitussives (e.g.Codeine) because phlegm, which has been liquefied by Ambroxol might not be expectorated.ContraindicationsContraindicated in known hypersensitivity to Ambroxol or Bromhexine.Side Effects of Boxol 100 mlGastrointestinal side effects like epigastric pain, stomach overfill feeling may occur occasionally. Rarely allergic responses such as eruption, urticaria or angioneurotic edema have been reported.Pregnancy & LactationTeratogenic and fetal toxicity studies have shown no harmful effect of Ambroxol. However, it is advised not to use during pregnancy, especially in the 1st trimester. Safety during lactation has not been established.Precautions & WarningsAmbroxol should be given cautiously to patients with gastric and duodenal ulceration or convulsive disorders. Patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency should take it with caution.Storage ConditionsProtect from direct light exposure, Store in a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 30?C, Keep out of the reach of children.Drug ClassesCough expectorants & mucolyticsMode Of ActionAmbroxol is the active metabolite of bromhexine and it has been proven that this metabolite possesses a greater bronchosecretolytic effect than bromhexine. It improves sputum rheology by hydrating mechanism leading to liquefaction of mucus in the lumen of respiratory tract, thus facilitating expectoration of mucus and reducing dyspnea. It stimulates production of phospholipids of surfactant by alveolar cells, thus contributing to the lowering of superficial tension in the alveoli. It also reduces bronchial hyperactivity. Ambroxol has anti inflammatory properties owing to the inhibitory effect on the production of cellular cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites. In patients with COPD it traditionally improves airway patency.PregnancyTeratogenic and fetal toxicity studies have shown no harmful effect of Ambroxol. However, it is advised not to use it in pregnancy, especially during the1st trimester. Safety during lactation has not been established yet.