pharmacy

Klevra Tablets SpecificationRequires Prescription (YES/NO)YesGenericsLevetiracetamUsed ForEpilepsyHow it worksThe mechanism of action of levetiracetam still remains to be fully elucidated. In vitro studies show that levetiracetam affects intraneuronal Ca2+ levels by partial inhibition of N- type Ca2+ currents and by reducing the release of Ca2+ from intraneuronal stores. In addition it partially reverses the reductions in GABA- and glycine-gated currents induced by zinc and ?-carbolines. Furthermore, levetiracetam has been shown in in vitro studies to bind to a specific site in rodent brain tissue. This binding site is the synaptic vesicle protein 2A, believed to be involved in vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter exocytosis. Levetiracetam and related analogs show a rank order of affinity for binding to the synaptic vesicle protein 2A which correlates with the potency of their anti-seizure protection in the mouse audiogenic model of epilepsy. This finding suggests that the interaction between levetiracetam and the synaptic vesicle protein 2A seems to contribute to the antiepileptic mechanism of action of the medicinal product.Klevra Tablets Usage And SafetyDosageLevetiracetamSide EffectsVery common: Nasopharyngitis, somnolence and headache. Common: Anorexia, depression, hostility/aggression, anxiety, insomnia, nervousness/irritability, convulsion, balance disorder, dizziness, lethargy, tremor, vertigo, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, vomiting, nausea, rash and asthenia/fatigue. Uncommon: Thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, weight decrease, weight increase, suicide attempt and suicidal ideation, psychotic disorder, abnormal behaviour, hallucination, anger, confusional state, panic attack, emotional instability/mood swings, agitation, amnesia, memory impairment, abnormal coordination/ataxia, paraesthesia, disturbance in attention, diplopia, vision blurred, liver function test abnormal, alopecia, eczema, pruritus, muscle weakness, myalgia and injury. Rare: Infection, pancytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytopenia, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), hypersensitivity, hyponatraemia, completed suicide, personality disorder, thinking abnormal, hepatic failure, hepatitis, acute kidney injury, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, rhabdomyolysis and blood creatine phosphokinase increased.Drug InteractionsProbenecid , Methotrexate .IndicationLevetiracetam is indicated as: Monotherapy: ? In the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Adjunctive Therapy: ? In the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults, adolescents and childrens 6 years of age or above with epilepsy. ? In the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. ? In the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and adolescents from 6 years of age with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy.When not to UseLevetiracetam is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to the active substance or other pyrrolidone derivatives or to any excipient of the product.Klevra Tablets PrecautionsPrecautionAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including levetiracetam, increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in patients taking these drugs for any indication. Patients treated with any AED for any indication should be monitored for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and/or any unusual changes in mood or behavior.Klevra Tablets WarningsWarning 1The administration of levetiracetam to patients with renal impairment may require dose adjustment. In patients with severely impaired hepatic function, assessment of renal function is recommended before dose selection.Warning 2The use of levetiracetam has been very rarely associated with acute kidney injury, with a time to onset ranging from a few days to several months.Warning 3Levetiracetam can cause anaphylaxis or angioedema after the first dose or at any time during treatment. If a patient develops signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis or angioedema, levetiracetam should be discontinued and the patient should seek immediate medical attention. Levetiracetam should be discontinued permanently if a clear alternative etiology for the reaction cannot be established.Klevra Tablets Additional InformationPregnancy categoryAlways consult your physician before using any medicine.Storage (YES/NO)Store this medicine at room temperature, away from direct light and heat.

Klic-F Tablets SpecificationRequires Prescription (YES/NO)NoGenericsDiclofenac potassiumUsed ForPain ReliefHow it worksDiclofenac has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.The mechanism of action of diclofenac , like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2).Diclofenac is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Diclofenac concentrations reached during therapy have produced in vivo effects. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Because diclofenac is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.Klic-F Tablets Usage And SafetyDosageDiclofenac potassiumSide EffectsThese uncommon side effects may affect between 1 and 10 in every 1000 patients, especially when taking a high daily dose (150 mg) for a long period of time : Sudden and oppressive chest pain (signs of myocardial infarction or heart attack) , Breathlessness, difficulty of breathing when lying down, swelling of the feet or legs (signs of cardiac failure).These rare or very rare side effects may affect from less than 1 to 10 in every 10,000 patients : Spontaneous bleeding or bruising (signs of thrombocytopenia) , High fever, frequent infections, persistent sore throat (signs of agranulocytosis) , Difficulty of breathing or swallowing, rash, itching, hives, dizziness (signs of hypersensitivity, anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions) , Swelling mainly of the face and throat (signs of angioedema ) , Disturbing thoughts or moods (signs of psychotic disorders) , Impaired memory (signs of memory impairment) , Seizures (signs of convulsions) , Anxiety , Stiff neck, fever, nausea, vomiting, headache (signs of aseptic meningitis). These side effects may affect between 1 and 10 in every 100 patients : Headache, dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion (signs of dyspepsia), abdominal pain, flatulence, loss of appetite (signs of decreased appetite), abnormal liver function test results (e.g. level of transaminases increased), skin rash, skin reaction such as redness or swelling at the site of injection.Drug InteractionsLithium or selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) , Digoxin , Diuretics , ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers , acetylsalicylic acid or ibuprofen , Corticosteroids , Blood thinners ,Medicines used to treat diabetes, except insulin , Methotrexate , Ciclosporin, Tacrolimus , Trimethoprim , Quinolone antibacterials , Voriconazole , Phenytoin.IndicationIt is used to treat pain and inflammation.When not to UseDo not receive/take/use Diclofenac potassium :1. If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to diclofenac, sodium metabisulphite (or other sulphites) (solution for injection only) or to any of the other ingredients in the leaflet.2. If you have ever had an allergic reaction after taking medicines to treat inflammation or pain (e.g. acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac or ibuprofen). Reactions may include asthma, runny nose, skin rash, face swelling. If you think you may be allergic, ask your doctor for advice.3. If you have a stomach or intestinal ulcer.4. If you have gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, symptoms of which may include blood in your stools or black stools. Klic-F Tablets PrecautionsPrecautionIf you have established disease of the heart or blood vessels (also called cardiovascular disease, including uncontrolled high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, established ischemic heart disease, or peripheral arterial disease), as treatment with diclofenac potassium is generally not recommended. Klic-F Tablets WarningsWarning 1It is generally important to take the lowest dose of Diclofenac potassium that relieves your pain and/or swelling and for the shortest time possible in order to keep your risk for cardiovascular side effects as small as possible.Warning 2If, at any time while taking Diclofenac potassium you experience any signs or symptoms of problems with your heart or blood vessels such as chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, contact your doctor immediately. Warning 3Diclofenac potassium may reduce the symptoms of an infection (e.g. headache, high temperature) and may therefore make the infection more difficult to detect and to treat adequately. If you feel unwell and need to see a doctor, remember to mention that you are taking diclofenac potassium.Klic-F Tablets Additional InformationPregnancy categoryAlways consult your physician before using any medicine.Storage (YES/NO)Store this medicine at room temperature, away from direct light and heat.