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Comet XR 500 mgTreatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in overweight patients when dietary management and exercise alone does not result in adequate glycaemic control. In adults: Metformin may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents or with insulin. ... Read moreTreatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in overweight patients when dietary management and exercise alone does not result in adequate glycaemic control. In adults: Metformin may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents or with insulin. In children from 10 years of age and adolescents: Metformin may be used as monotherapy or in combination with insulin. A reduction of diabetic complications has been shown in overweight type 2 diabetic adult patients treated with metformin as first-line therapy after diet failure.Theropeutic ClassBiguanidesPharmacologyMetformin is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.Dosage & Administration of Comet XR 500 mgMetformin immediate release tablet: Dosage of Comet XR 500 mg must be individualized on the basis of both effectiveness and tolerance, while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily doses. Adult: The usual starting dose of Metformin is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. For those patients requiring additional glycemic control, Glucomin may be given to a maximum daily dose of 2550 mg per day. Doses above 2000 mg may be better tolerated given three times a day with meals. Children: The usual starting dose of Metformin is 500 mg twice a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly up to a maximum of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. Metformin extended release tablet: Swallow Metformin XR tablet whole and never crush, cut or chew. Adult: The usual starting dose of Metformin XR is 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Dose should be increased in increments of 500 mg weekly, up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily with the evening meal, alternatively increased to 1000 mg twice daily taken with meal. Patient receiving Metformin immediate release tablet may be switched to Metformin extended release tablet up to a maximum recommended daily dose. Children: Metformin extended release tablet has not been studied in children. Renal impaired patient: Do not use Metformin in patients with eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Asses risk/benefit of counting if eGFR falls below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Dosage of Comet XR 500 mgMetformin immediate release tablet: Dosage of Comet XR 500 mg must be individualized on the basis of both effectiveness and tolerance, while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily doses. Adult: The usual starting dose of Metformin is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks, up to a total of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. For those patients requiring additional glycemic control, Glucomin may be given to a maximum daily dose of 2550 mg per day. Doses above 2000 mg may be better tolerated given three times a day with meals. Children: The usual starting dose of Metformin is 500 mg twice a day, given with meals. Dosage increases should be made in increments of 500 mg weekly up to a maximum of 2000 mg per day, given in divided doses. Metformin extended release tablet: Swallow Metformin XR tablet whole and never crush, cut or chew. Adult: The usual starting dose of Metformin XR is 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Dose should be increased in increments of 500 mg weekly, up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily with the evening meal, alternatively increased to 1000 mg twice daily taken with meal. Patient receiving Metformin immediate release tablet may be switched to Metformin extended release tablet up to a maximum recommended daily dose. Children: Metformin extended release tablet has not been studied in children. Renal impaired patient: Do not use Metformin in patients with eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Asses risk/benefit of counting if eGFR falls below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Interaction of Comet XR 500 mgCo-administration with Carbonic anhydrase (Topiramate, Zonisamide) may increase risk of lactic acidosis. Drugs (Ranolazine, Dolutegravir, Cimetidine) that reduce Metformin clearance may increase the accumulation of Metformin. Alcohol can potentiate the effect of Metformin on lactate metabolism.Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. Any type of acute metabolic acidosis (such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis). Severe renal failure (GFR <30 mL/min). Acute conditions with the potential to alter renal function such as: dehydration, severe infection, shock. Acute or chronic disease, which may cause tissue hypoxia such as: cardiac or respiratory failure, recent myocardial infarction, shock, Hepatic insufciency, acute alcohol intoxication, alcoholism. Side Effects of Comet XR 500 mgBlood and lymphatic system disorders: Not known: Hemolytic anemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders: Very rare: Lactic acidosis. Decrease of vitamin B12 absorption with a decrease of serum levels during long-term use of metformin. Consideration of such etiology is recommended if a patient presents with megaloblastic anemia. Cases of peripheral neuropathy in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency have been reported in post-marketing experience (frequency not known)Nervous system disorders: Common: Taste disturbance. Not known: EncephalopathyGastrointestinal disorders: Very common: Gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. These undesirable effects occur most frequently during the initiation of therapy and resolve spontaneously in most cases. To prevent them, it is recommended that metformin be taken in 2 or 3 daily doses during or after meals. A slow increase of the dose may also improve gastrointestinal tolerability.Hepatobiliary disorders: Very rare: Isolated reports of liver function test abnormalities or hepatitis resolving upon metformin discontinuation.Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Very rare: Skin reactions, such as erythema, pruritus, urticaria.Pregnancy & LactationPublished studies have not reported a clear association with Metformin and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when Metformin was used during pregnancy.Lactation: Metformin is excreted into human breast milk. No adverse effects were observed in breastfed newborns/infants. However, a decision on whether to discontinue breast-feeding should be made or taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding and the potential risk to adverse effect on the child.Precautions & WarningsComet XR 500 mg is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney and the risk of Metformin accumulation and lactic acidosis increases with the degree of impairment of renal function. Metformin may lower vitamin B12 level. It also increases risk of hypoglycemia when use in combination with insulin or insulin secretagogue.Overdose Effects of Comet XR 500 mgHypoglycemia has not been seen with Metformin doses up to 85 gm, although lactic acidosis has occurred in such circumstances. Lactic acidosis is a medical emergency and must be treated in hospital. The most effective method to remove lactate and Metformin is hemodialysis.Storage ConditionsKeep below 30?C temperature, protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Drug ClassesBiguanidesMode Of ActionMetformin is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.PregnancyPregnancy: Uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy (gestational or permanent) is associated with an increased risk of congenital abnormalities and perinatal mortality. When the patient plans to become pregnant and during pregnancy, it is recommended that diabetes is not treated with metformin but insulin be used to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible, to reduce the risk of malformations of the foetus.Breastfeeding: Metformin is excreted into human breast milk. No adverse efects were observed in breastfed newborns/infants. However, as only limited data are available, breastfeeding is not recommended during metformin treatment. A decision on whether to discontinue breastfeeding should be made, taking into account the benefit of breastfeeding and the potential risk to adverse effects on the child.Pediatric UsesElderly: Due to the potential for decreased renal function in elderly subjects, the metformin dosage should be adjusted based on renal function. Regular assessment of renal function is necessary.Pediatric population: The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be confirmed before treatment with metformin is initiated. No effect of metformin on growth and puberty has been detected during controlled clinical studies of one-year duration but no long-term data on these specific points are available. Therefore, a careful follow-up of the effect of metformin on these parameters in metformin-treated children, especially prepubescent children, is recommended.Children aged between 10 and 12 years: Particular caution is recommended when prescribing to children aged between 10 and 12 years.Renal function: As metformin is excreted by the kidney, creatinine clearance (this can be estimated from serum creatinine levels by using the Cockcroft-Gault formula) should be determined before initiating treatment and regularly thereafter: At least annually in patients with normal renal function, At least two to four times a year in patients with creatinine clearance at the lower limit of normal and in elderly subjects. Decreased renal function in elderly subjects is frequent and asymptomatic. Special caution should be exercised in situations where renal function may become impaired, for example when initiating antihypertensive therapy or diuretic therapy and when starting therapy with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). GFR should be assessed before treatment initiation and regularly thereafter. Metformin is contraindicate in patients with GFR<30 ml/min and should be temporarily discontinued in the presence of conditions that alter renal function.Comet XR500 mg
Original price was: ₦3,311.00.₦2,979.90Current price is: ₦2,979.90. -
SaleMixtard 30 Vial 100IU/mlTreatment of all type 1 diabetic patient. Treatment for those with type 2 diabetes whose blood sugar cannot be sufficiently controlled by diet or oral hypoglycemic medications. For the initial stabilization of diabetes in people with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome, and during stressful times like serious illnesses and major surgery for people with diabetes. Gestational diabetes treatment.CompositionIsophane Insulin Human 30/70 Injection with Insulin Human (rDNA) Insulin Human (rDNA) USP 40 IU (equal to 1.388 mg) is present in each milliliter of solution as 30% Soluble Insulin Human (Regular) and 70% Isophane Insulin Human. Isophane Insulin Human 30/70 Injection with Insulin Human (rDNA) Insulin Human (rDNA) USP 100 IU (equal to 3.47 mg) is present in each milliliter of solution as 30% Soluble Insulin Human (Regular) and 70% Isophane Insulin Human. 50/50 Injection of Insulin Human (rDNA) and Isophane Insulin Human (rDNA) USP 100 IU (equal to 3.47 mg) is present in each milliliter of solution as 50% soluble Insulin Human (Regular) and 50% isophane Insulin Human.Theropeutic ClassInsulin with a Medium Action.PharmacologyHuman insulin is produced using recombinant DNA technology as Insulin Human (rDNA). It works and is structurally identical to natural insulin. Insulin controls how glucose is metabolized and promotes the absorption and use of glucose by the liver, muscles, and fat. By promoting glycogenesis and preventing gluconeogenesis, it also reduces blood sugar levels. After injection, insulin human (rDNA) 30/70 and insulin human (rDNA) 50/50 begin to work within 30 minutes, reach their peak levels between 2 and 8 hours later, and persist for roughly 24 hours.Dosage of Mixtard 30 Vial 100IU/mlThe average range of total daily insulin requirement for maintenance therapy in type 1 diabetic patients lies between 0.5 and 1.0 IU/kg. In pre-pubertal children it usually varies from 0.7 to 1.0 IU/kg, whereas in insulin resistant cases, e.g. during puberty or due to obesity, the daily insulin requirement may be substantially higher. Initial dosages for type 2 diabetic patients are often lower, e.g. 0.3 to 0.6 IU/kg/day.The dosage form, the dosage and the administration time of the insulin are different due to the individual differences of each patient. In addition, the dosage is also affected by food, working style and exercising intensity. Therefore, patients should use the insulin under doctor's instruction.Administration of Mixtard 30 Vial 100IU/mlWithin 30 minutes of an injection, a meal or snack containing carbs should be had. Subcutaneous injections are given in the upper arm, thigh, buttock, or abdominal wall. More quickly than from other injection locations, the abdominal wall receives a subcutaneous injection. Never inject insulin human (rDNA) 30/70 or insulin human (rDNA) 50/50 intravenously. Getting ready for use: Sanitize your hands. To evenly mix the solution and see if the insulin looks normal, gently shake or rotate the vial. When using a brand-new vial, remove the plastic protective cap and use an alcohol swab to clean the rubber plug. Add air to your syringe in an amount equal to the required amount of insulin. Inject air by sticking the needle into the vial. Draw the appropriate amount of insulin into the syringe while turning the bottle and syringe upside down. Check to see if there are any bubbles left in the syringe before removing the needle. In that case, hold the syringe upright and tap it to release the air bubbles. Injection site: Choose the region of the body with looser-fitting skin, such as the upper arm, thigh, buttock, or abdomen. Choose a location for each injection that is at least 1 cm away from the location of the preceding injection to prevent tissue injury. Injection method: Wash the area of the skin where the injection will be made with alcohol. Place the needle so that it forms a 45? angle with the skin. Injecting insulin requires puncturing the skin with a needle. To ensure that the entire dosage is injected, keep the needle subcutaneous for at least 6 seconds. After removing the needle, place mild pressure on the injection site for several seconds. Avoid scratching the injection site.Interaction of Mixtard 30 Vial 100IU/mlWhen taking oral contraceptives, thyroid hormone, adrenal cortical hormone, and other medications that can cause blood sugar levels to rise, you may need to take more insulin. Reduced insulin dosage is necessary when using antidepressants such as salicylate, sulfanilamide, and others that have hypoglycemic effects and cause a drop in blood sugar levels.ContraindicationsPatients with hypoglycemia or those who are allergic to insulin or any of the excipients.Side Effects of Mixtard 30 Vial 100IU/mlThe most frequent unfavorable consequence of insulin therapy is hypoglycemia, and its symptoms might strike rapidly. There aren't many occurrences of allergic reactions that cause red, puffy, or itchy skin. It typically goes away after a few days. In rare cases, factors other than insulin, such as disinfectant and improper injection technique, may be to blame for the allergy.Pregnancy & LactationBecause insulin cannot cross the placental barrier, there are no limits on using it to treat diabetes during pregnancy. Baby safety is unaffected by the mother's insulin medication.Precautions & WarningsHyperglycemia may result from improper dosing or stopping the medication, particularly in type 1 diabetes. If the insulin dose is excessively high compared to the amount of insulin needed, hypoglycemia could result. Hypoglycemia can result from skipping meals or unexpectedly doing hard physical activity.Overdose Effects of Mixtard 30 Vial 100IU/mlHypoglycemia during treatment may result from using too much insulin. Hypoglycemia between mild and moderate may strike suddenly. When hypoglycemia strikes, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. If you have hypoglycemia frequently, speak with your doctor about any potential adjustments to your therapy, diet, and/or exercise regimen that may be necessary to help you stay hypoglycemic-free.Storage ConditionsKeeping in a refrigerator, store between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. Never freeze. If insulin is being used recently and does not need to be refrigerated, try to keep it in a cool area away from heat and light. The currently-in-use insulin can be stored at room temperature for a month.
Mixtard 30 Vial100IU/ml
Original price was: ₦22,825.00.₦20,542.50Current price is: ₦20,542.50. -
SaleGlipita M 50 mg+500 mgGlipita M 50 mg+500 mg is a combination of two medicines that control high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This helps prevent serious complications of diabetes such as kidney damage and blindness and may reduce your chance of having a heart attack or stroke. Glipita M 50 mg+500 mg can be prescribed alone or together with other diabetes medications. All diabetes medicines work best when used along with a healthy diet and regular exercise. The dose you are given will depend on your condition, blood sugar levels and what other medicines you are taking. Taking it with meals helps to reduce the chances of developing an upset stomach. You should take it regularly, at the same time each day, to get the most benefit and you should not stop unless your doctor recommends it. It is controlling your blood sugar levels and helping to prevent serious complications in the future. It is important to stay on the diet and exercise program recommended by your doctor while taking this medicine. Your lifestyle plays a big part in controlling diabetes. The most common side effects of taking this medicine include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, headache, and sore throat. Low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) is a possible side effect if you are also taking other diabetes medicines like insulin or sulfonylurea, so you need to know how to recognize and deal with it. This medicine is not suitable for everyone. Before taking it, you should let your doctor know if you have ever had kidney, liver or heart disease, problems with your pancreas, or if you drink a lot of alcohol. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult their doctor before taking this medicine. Some other medicines can affect this one so tell your doctor about all the medicines you are taking to make sure you are safe. You should try to avoid drinking alcohol as it lowers blood glucose. Your doctor will check your kidney function and blood sugar levels before and during treatment.Theropeutic ClassCombination Oral hypoglycemic preparationsPharmacologySitagliptin: The DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of agents that act as incretin enhancers. By inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme, Sitagliptin increases the levels of two known active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The incretins are part of an endogenous system involved in the physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis. When blood glucose concentrations are normal or elevated, GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production. This mechanism is unlike the mechanism seen with sulfonylureas; sulfonylureas cause insulin release even when glucose levels are low, which can lead to sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia in patients with type ll diabetes and in normal subjects. Sitagliptin demonstrates high selectivity for DPP-4 and does not inhibit closely-related enzymes DPP-8 or DPP-9 at therapeutic concentrations.Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, and stimulates intracellular glycogen synthesis by acting on glycogen synthase. In muscle, it increases insulin sensitivity, improving peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Metformin also delays intestinal glucose absorption. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin does not produce hypoglycemia in either patients with type 2 diabetes or normal subjects and does not cause hyperinsulinemia. With metformin therapy, insulin secretion remains unchanged while fasting insulin levels and daylong plasma insulin response may actually decrease.Dosage & Administration of Glipita M 50 mg+500 mgThe dosage of Sitagliptin & Metformin should be individualized on the basis of the patient's current regimen, effectiveness, and tolerability while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of 100 mg sitagliptin and 2000 mg metformin. Initial combination therapy or maintenance of combination therapy should be individualized and left to the discretion of the health care provider.Sitagliptin & Metformin should generally be given twice daily with meals, with gradual dose escalation, to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects due to metformin. The starting dose of Sitagliptin & Metformin should be based on the patient's current regimen. The recommended starting dose in patients NOT currently treated with metformin is 50 mg sitagliptin/500 mg metformin hydrochloride twice daily, with gradual dose escalation recommended to reduce gastrointestinal side effects associated with metformin.The starting dose in patients already treated with metformin should provide sitagliptin dosed as 50 mg twice daily (100 mg total daily dose) and the dose of metformin already being taken. For patients taking metformin 850 mg twice daily, the recommended starting dose of Sitagliptin & Metformin?is 50 mg sitagliptin/1000 mg metformin hydrochloride twice daily. Co-administration of Sitagliptin & Metformin with an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) or insulin may require lower doses of the insulin secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. No studies have been performed specifically examining the safety and efficacy of Sitagliptin & Metformin in patientspreviously treated with other oral antihyperglycemic agents and switched to Sitagliptin & Metformin. Any change in therapy of type 2 diabetes should be undertaken with care and appropriate monitoring as changes in glycemic control can occurDosage of Glipita M 50 mg+500 mgDose of film-coated tablet: The dosage of this tablet should be individualized on the basis of the patient's current regimen, efectiveness, and tolerability while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of 100 mg sitagliptin and 2000 mg metformin. Initial combination therapy or maintenance of combination therapy should be individualized and left to the discretion of the health care provider.This tablet should generally be given twice daily with meals, with gradual dose escalation, to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) side efects due to metformin.The starting dose of this tablet should be based on the patient?s current regimen. This tablet should be given twice daily with meals.The recommended starting dose in patients not currently treated with metformin is 50 mg sitagliptin/500 mg metformin hydrochloride twice daily, with gradual dose escalation recommended to reduce gastrointestinal side efects associated with metformin.The starting dose in patients already treated with metformin should provide sitagliptin dosed as 50 mg twice daily (100 mg total daily dose) and the dose of metformin already being taken. For patients taking metformin 850 mg twice daily, the recommended starting dose of this tablet is 50 mg sitagliptin/1000 mg metformin hydrochloride twice daily.No studies have been performed specifcally examining the safety and efcacy of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate INN/Metformin Hydrochloride BP in patients previously treated with other oral antihyperglycemic agents and switched to Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate INN/Metformin Hydrochloride BP. Any change in therapy of type 2 diabetes should be undertaken with care and appropriate monitoring as changes in glycemic control can occur.Dose of extended-release tablet: Administer once daily with a meal preferably in the evening. Gradually escalate the dose to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects due to Metformin. May adjust the dosing based on effectiveness and tolerability while not exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of 100 mg Sitagliptin and 2000 mg Metformin extended-release. Maintain the same total daily dose of Sitagliptin and Metformin when changing between film-coated tablet and extended-release tablet, without exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of 2000 mg Metformin extended-release.Patients using two extended-release tablets (such as two 50/500 or two 50/1000 tablets) should take the two tablets together once daily. The 100 mg Sitagliptin/1000 mg Metformin HCI extended-release tablet should be taken as a single tablet once daily. Patients treated with an insulin secretagogue or insulin: Co-administration of the combination with an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) or insulin may require lower doses of the insulin secretagogue or insulin to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.Interaction of Glipita M 50 mg+500 mgCationic Drugs: Cationic drugs eliminated by renal tubular secretion: Use with caution.Phenprocoumon: Metformin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of phenprocoumon. Therefore, close monitoring of the INR is recommended.Levothyroxine: Levothyroxine can reduce the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. Monitoring of blood glucose levels is recommended, especially when thyroid hormone therapy is initiated or stopped, and the dosage of metformin must be adjusted if necessary.ContraindicationsThis tablet is contraindicated in patients with: Renal disease or renal dysfunction, e.g., as suggested by serum creatinine levels ?1.5 mg/dL [males], ?1.4 mg/dL [females] or abnormal creatinine clearance which may also result from conditions such as cardiovascular collapse (shock), acute myocardial infarction, and septicemia Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma. History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction to this tablet or sitagliptin, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema. This tablet should be temporarily discontinued in patients undergoing radiologic studies involving intravascular administration of iodinated contrast materials, because use of such products may result in acute alteration of renal function.Side Effects of Glipita M 50 mg+500 mgThe most common adverse reactions reported in ?5% of patients simultaneously started on sitagliptin and metformin and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo were diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, and headache.Adverse reactions reported in ?5% of patients treated with sitagliptin in combination with sulfonylurea and metformin and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo in combination with sulfonylurea and metformin were hypoglycemia and headache.Hypoglycemia was the only adverse reaction reported in ?5% of patients treated with sitagliptin in combination with insulin and metformin and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo in combination with insulin and metformin.Nasopharyngitis was the only adverse reaction reported in ?5% of patients treated with sitagliptin monotherapy and more commonly than in patients given placebo.The most common (>5%) adverse reactions due to initiation of metformin therapy are diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, fatulence, abdominal discomfort, indigestion, asthenia, and headache.Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women with the combination of Metformin/ Sitagliptin or its individual components; therefore, the safety of the combination in pregnant women is not known. The combination of Sitagliptin & Metformin should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Lactation: It is not known whether Sitagliptin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when this combination is administered to a nursing woman.Precautions & WarningsLactic Acidosis- Lactic acidosis can occur due to metformin accumulation. The risk increases with conditions such as sepsis, dehydration, excess alcohol intake, hepatic insufciency, renal impairment, and acute congestive heart failure. Symptoms include malaise, myalgias, respiratory distress, increasing somnolence, and nonspecifc abdominal distress. Laboratory abnormalities include low pH, increased anion gap and elevated blood lactate. If acidosis is suspected, discontinue this tablet and hospitalize the patient immediately. Regular monitoring of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is recommended in patients with hypothyroidism. Long-term treatment with metformin has been associated with a decrease in vitamin B12 serum levels which may cause peripheral neuropathy. Monitoring of the vitamin B12 level is recommended. Others- Do not use this tablet in patients with hepatic disease. There have been postmarketing reports of acute renal failure, sometimes requiring dialysis. Before initiating this tablet and at least annually thereafter, assess renal function and verify as normal. There have been postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis, including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is suspected, promptly discontinue this tablet. Measure hematologic parameters annually. Warn patients against excessive alcohol intake. May need to discontinue this tablet and temporarily use insulin during periods of stress and decreased intake of fluids and food as may occur with fever, trauma, infection or surgery. Promptly evaluate patients previously controlled on this tablet who develop laboratory abnormalities or clinical illness for evidence of ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis. When used with an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) or with insulin, a lower dose of the insulin secretagogue or insulin may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. There have been postmarketing reports of serious allergic and hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with sitagliptin (one of the components of this tablet ), such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and exfoliative skin conditions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In such cases, promptly stop this tablet, assess for other potential causes, and institute appropriate monitoring and treatment, and initiate alternative treatment for diabetes. There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate INN/Metformin Hydrochloride BP or any other anti-diabetic drug.Overdose Effects of Glipita M 50 mg+500 mgSitagliptin: In the event of an overdose, it is reasonable to employ the usual supportive measures, e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, employ clinical monitoring (including obtaining an electrocardiogram), and institute supportive therapy as indicated by the patient's clinical status. Sitagliptin is modestly dialyzable. Prolonged hemodialysis may be considered if clinically appropriate. It is not known if sitagliptin is dialyzable by peritoneal dialysis.Metformin hydrochloride: Overdose of metformin hydrochloride has occurred, including ingestion of amounts greater than 50 grams. Metformin is dialyzable with a clearance of up to 170 mL/min under good hemodynamic conditions. Therefore, hemodialysis may be useful for removal of accumulated drug from patients in whom metformin overdosage is suspected. Pancreatitis may occur in the context of a metformin overdose.Storage ConditionsStore below 25?C in a dry place away from light. Keep the medicines in a safe place, out of the reach of children. Do not use later than the date of expiry. To be dispensed only on the prescription of a registered physician.Use In Special PopulationsUse in Elderly:?Because sitagliptin and metformin are substantially excreted by the kidney, and because aging can be associated with reduced renal function, Sitagliptin/ Metformin HCl combination should be used with caution as age increases. Care should be taken in dose selection and should be based on careful and regular monitoring of renal function.Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness of Sitagliptin/ Metformin in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been establishedDrug ClassesCombination Oral hypoglycemic preparationsMode Of ActionThis tablet combines two antihyperglycemic agents with complementary mechanisms of action to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and Metformin HCl, a member of the biguanide class. Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is believed to exert its actions in patients with type 2 diabetes by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are released by the intestine throughout the day, and levels are increased in response to a meal. These hormones are rapidly inactivated by the enzyme, DPP-4. The incretins are part of an endogenous system involved in the physiologic regulation of glucose homeostasis. When blood glucose concentrations are normal or elevated then GLP-1 and GIP increase insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells by intracellular signaling pathways involving cyclic AMP. GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production. By increasing and prolonging active incretin levels, Sitagliptin increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner. The pharmacologic mechanism of action of Metformin HCl is different from other classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Metformin HCl decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.PregnancyPregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women with Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate INN/Metformin Hydrochloride BP or its individual components; therefore, the safety of Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate INN/Metformin Hydrochloride BP in pregnant women is not known. This tablet should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.It is not known whether sitagliptin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when this tablet is administered to a nursing woman.
Glipita M50 mg+500 mg
Original price was: ₦8,800.00.₦7,920.00Current price is: ₦7,920.00. -
SaleLijenta 5 mgLijenta 5 mg is prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults to enhance glycaemic control. As monotherapy: in patients who cannot be properly managed by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is contraindicated owing to renal impairment or inappropriate due to intolerance. As monotherapy: in patients who cannot be properly managed by diet and exercise alone and for whom metformin is contraindicated owing to renal impairment or inappropriate due to intolerance. When diet and exercise plus metformin alone are insufficient to achieve adequate glycaemic control, combination therapy may be used. Examples include using sulphonylurea in addition to metformin when diet and exercise plus dual therapy with these drugs is insufficient to achieve adequate glycaemic control.Theropeutic ClassDipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitorPharmacologyLijenta 5 mg is recommended for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus to help with glycemic management. The incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-4) and GIP are degraded by the enzyme DPP-4, which is inhibited by it (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). By boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta () cells in a glucose-dependent manner and inhibiting the release of glucagon from pancreatic alpha () cells into the blood, this raises the concentrations of active incretin hormones.Dosage & Administration of Lijenta 5 mgYou should take Lijenta 5 mg once a day. When given along with metformin, you should keep it constant. A lower dose of sulfonylurea may be used in conjunction with another medication to lessen the risk of hypoglycemia. Individuals with renal impairment: No dose modification is necessary. It may be taken at any time of the day with or without food.Dosage of Lijenta 5 mgYou should take Lijenta 5 mg once a day. When given along with metformin, you should keep it constant. A lower dose of sulfonylurea may be used in conjunction with another medication to lessen the risk of hypoglycemia. Individuals with renal impairment: No dose modification is necessary. It may be taken at any time of the day with or without food.Interaction of Lijenta 5 mgThis medication does not inhibit other CYP isozymes but is a weak competitive and weak to moderate mechanism-based inhibitor of the CYP isozyme CYP3A4. It is unlikely that other medications will interact clinically meaningfully with Lijenta 5 mg, and clinical investigations have shown that the drug has no clinically significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of metformin, glyburide, simvastatin, warfarin, digoxin, or oral contraceptives.ContraindicationsHypersensitivity to any excipient or active ingredient.Side Effects of Lijenta 5 mgAlong with metformin and sulfonylurea, there is a chance of hypoglycemia, nasopharyngitis, cough, and pancreatitis.Pregnancy & LactationB-category pregnancy. Pregnant women have not been the subject of sufficient, rigorous investigations. As a result, only use this pills during pregnancy if absolutely necessary. It may or may not enter breast milk; this is unknown.Precautions & WarningsHypersensitivity to any excipient or active ingredient.Storage ConditionsKeep dry and away from heat and light. Keep out of children's reach.Drug ClassesDipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitorMode Of ActionLijenta 5 mg is recommended for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus to help with glycemic management. The incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP are degraded by the enzyme DPP-4, which is inhibited by it (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). By boosting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta () cells in a glucose-dependent manner and inhibiting the release of glucagon from pancreatic alpha () cells into the blood, Lijenta 5 mg raises the concentrations of active incretin hormones.PregnancyB-category pregnancy. Pregnant women have not been the subject of sufficient, rigorous investigations. As a result, only use Lijenta 5 mg pills during pregnancy if absolutely necessary. This medication may or may not enter breast milk; this is unknown.
Lijenta5 mg
Original price was: ₦18,150.00.₦16,335.00Current price is: ₦16,335.00. -
SaleBizoran 5 mg+40 mgBizoran 5 mg+40 mg is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, alone or with other antihypertensive agents. This may also be used as initial therapy in patients who are likely to need multiple antihypertensive agents to achieve their blood pressure goals.Theropeutic ClassCombined antihypertensive preparationsPharmacologyAmlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle & cardiac muscle. Amlodipine is a peripheral arterial vasodilator that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance & a reduction in blood pressure.Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that acts on AT1 subtype. By blocking the action of angiotensin II, Olmesartan dilates blood vessels and reduces blood pressure without affecting pulse rate.Dosage & Administration of Bizoran 5 mg+40 mgInitial Therapy: The usual starting dose of Bizoran 5 mg+40 mg is one tablet (5/20 mg) once daily. Thedosage can be increased after 1 to 2 weeks of therapy to a maximum dose is two tablets (10/40 mg) once daily as needed to control bloodpressure. This may be taken with or without food and may beadministered with other antihypertensive agents.Initial therapy with this combination product is not recommended in patients ?75 years old or with hepatic impairment. Replacement Therapy: Bizoran 5 mg+40 mg substituted for its individually titrated components. Whensubstituting for individual components, the dose of one or both of the components can be increased if blood pressure control has not been satisfactory. Add-on Therapy: Bizoran 5 mg+40 mg used to provide additional blood pressure lowering forpatients not adequately controlled with Amlodipine (or another dihydropyridinecalcium channel blocker) alone or with Olmesartan Medoxomil (or another angiotensin II receptor blocker) alone.Interaction of Bizoran 5 mg+40 mgThe pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine and Olmesartan Medoxomil are not altered when the drugs are co administered. No drug interaction studies have been conducted with Amlodipine and Olmesartan combination tablet and other drugs, although studies have been conducted with the individual Amlodipine and Olmesartan Medoxomil components and no significant drug interactions have been observed.ContraindicationsHypersensitivity to any of the component of this combination product.Side Effects of Bizoran 5 mg+40 mgThe reported adverse reactions were generally mild and seldom led to discontinuation of treatment. The most common side effects include edema, dizziness, flushing, palpitation. Other side effects may include vomiting, diarrhoea, rhabdomyolysis, alopecia, pruritus, urticaria etc.Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: When pregnancy is detected, discontinue this combination product as soon as possible. When used in pregnancy during the second and third trimesters, drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and even death to the developing fetus.Nursing Mothers: Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.Precautions & WarningsFetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality: When pregnancy is detected, this combination should be discontinued as soon as possible.Hypotension in Volume or Salt Depleted Patients: Symptomatic hypotension may occur after initiation of treatment.Vasodilatation: Caution should be exercised when administering the drug, particularly in patients with severe aortic stenosis.Patients with Severe Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Patients may develop increased frequency, duration, or severity of angina or acute myocardial infarction on starting calcium channel blocker therapy or at the time of dosage increase.Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: Calcium channel blockers should be used with caution in patients with heart failure.Patients with Impaired Renal Function: Caution should be exercised when administering the drug to patients with renal impairment.Patients with Hepatic Impairment: Caution should be exercised when administering the drug to patients with severe hepatic impairment.Overdose Effects of Bizoran 5 mg+40 mgThere is no experience of overdose with Amlodipine & Olmesartan combination. The most likely effects of olmesartan medoxomil overdosage are hypotension and tachycardia; bradycardia could be encountered if parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation occurred.Amlodipine overdosage can be expected to lead to excessive peripheral vasodilatation with marked hypotension and possibly a reflex tachycardia. Marked and potentially prolonged systemic hypotension up to and including shock with fatal outcome has been reported.Storage ConditionsKeep out of the reach of children. Store below 30?C. Keep in the original package in a cool & dry place in order to protect from light and moisture.Use In Special PopulationsThe safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Bizoran5 mg+40 mg
Original price was: ₦16,500.00.₦14,850.00Current price is: ₦14,850.00. -
SaleClopid-As Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): It is indicated to reduce the rate of Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Stroke in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS [unstable angina (UA)/non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)] and acute ST-segment elevation ACS [ST-elevation Myocardial ... Read moreAcute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): It is indicated to reduce the rate of Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Stroke in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS [unstable angina (UA)/non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)] and acute ST-segment elevation ACS [ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)].Recent MI, recent Stroke, or established Peripheral Arterial Disease: In patients with established peripheral arterial disease or with a history of recent Myocardial Infarction (MI) or recent Stroke it is indicated to reduce the rate of MI and Stroke.Theropeutic ClassAnti-platelet drugsPharmacologyClopidogrel is a prodrug. It inhibits platelet activation and aggregation through the irreversible binding of its active metabolite to the P2Y12 class of ADP receptors on platelets. Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation can be seen at 2 hours after single oral doses. Repeated doses of 75 mg per day inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation on the first day, and inhibition reaches steady state between Day 3 and Day 7. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase and thus inhibiting the generation of thromboxane A2 a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.Dosage & Administration of Clopid-As The recommended oral dose is one tablet daily.Dosage of Clopid-As The recommended oral dose is one tablet daily.Interaction of Clopid-As Oral anticoagulants, NSAIDs, Metamizole, SSRIs, CYP2C19 inhibitors increase the risk of bleeding. It shows interaction with Tonofovir, Valproic acid, Varicella vaccine, Acetazolamide and Nicorandil.ContraindicationsThis combination is contraindicated in the following conditions: Hypersensitivity to the drug substance or any component of the product. Active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage.Side Effects of Clopid-As This combination is generally well tolerated.Pregnancy & LactationThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It should be used during first and second trimesters of pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy. It is unknown whether Clopidogrel is excreted in human breast milk but Aspirin is known to be excreted in human milk. This Drug should be discontinued during the breast feeding.Precautions & Warnings This combination may prolongs the bleeding time. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): TTP has been reported rarely following use of this combination. Reye's syndrome: Reye's syndrome may develop in individuals who have chicken pox, influenza or flu symptoms. Hypersensitivity including rash, angioedema or hematologic reaction has been reported in patients receiving this combination or history of hypersensitivity to other thienopyridines Overdose Effects of Clopid-As Clopidogrel overdose may lead to bleeding complications. Based on biological plausibility, platelet transfusion may restore clotting ability. In moderate aspirin intoxication dizziness, headache, tinnitus, confusion, and gastrointestinal symptoms may occur which can be treated by inducing vomiting followed by gastric lavage if needed. In severe Aspirin intoxication respiratory alkalosis respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, perspiration, dehydration can occur. It can be treated with haemodialysis and other symptomatic treatment.Storage ConditionsKeep in a cool & dry place (below 30o C), protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Use In Special PopulationsIt should not be given to children, particularly those under 12 years, unless the expected benefits outweight the possible risks. Aspirin may be a contributory factor in the causation of Reye?s syndrome in some children.Drug ClassesAnti-platelet drugsMode Of ActionClopidogrel is a prodrug. It inhibits platelet activation and aggregation through the irreversible binding of its active metabolite to the P2Y12 class of ADP receptors on platelets. Dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation can be seen at 2 hours after single oral doses. Repeated doses of 75 mg per day inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation on the first day, and inhibition reaches steady state between Day 3 and Day 7. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase and thus inhibiting the generation of thromboxane A2 a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.PregnancyThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. It should be used during first and second trimesters of pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy. It is unknown whether Clopidogrel is excreted in human breast milk but Aspirin is known to be excreted in human milk. This Drug should be discontinued during the breast feeding.Pediatric UsesIt should not be given to children, particularly those under 12 years, unless the expected benefits outweight the possible risks. Aspirin may be a contributory factor in the causation of Reye?s syndrome in some children.
Clopid-As
Original price was: ₦6,600.00.₦5,940.00Current price is: ₦5,940.00. -
SaleFixocard 50 mgAmlodipine & Atenolol is indicated in: Hypertension not controlled by monotherapy Angina pectoris & hypertension co-existing diseases Post MI patients Refractory angina pectoris where nitrate therapy has failed Theropeutic ClassCombined antihypertensive preparationsPharmacologyAmlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist that inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle; it has a greater effect on vascular muscle than on cardiac muscle. Amlodipine is a peripheral vasodilator that acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and reduction in blood pressure. Amlodipine reduces tone, decreases coronary vasoreactivity and lowers cardiac demand by reducing afterload. Atenolol is a cardio selective beta blocker. The cardio selectivity is dose related. Atenolol causes a reduction in blood pressure by lowering cardiac output, decreasing the plasma renin activity and sympathetic outflow from CNS. Atenolol also causes a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand by virtue of its negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.Dosage & Administration of Fixocard 50 mgThe recommended dosage is one tablet daily of (Amlodipine 5 mg & Atenolol 50 mg) or (Amlodipine 5 mg & Atenolol 25 mg). Depending upon the therapeutic response, titration of the dosage is recommended. In elderly patients, it is advisable to initiate the therapy with ? tablet of fixed dose combination of Amlodipine & Atenolol (i.e. 2.5 mg of Amlodipine & 25 mg Atenolol).Interaction of Fixocard 50 mgAmlodipine has been safely administered with thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, alpha blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, long-acting nitrates, sublingual glyceryl trinitrate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, and oral hypoglycemic agents. In vitro data from studies with human plasma indicate that amlodipine has no effect on protein binding of the drugs tested (Digoxin, Phenytoin, Warfarin, or Indomethacin). Atenolol reduces the clearance of Disopyramide by 20%. Additive negative inotropic effects on the heart may be produced. At doses of 1 gm and above, Ampicillin may reduce Atenolol levels. Beta-blockers may decrease tissue sensitivity to Insulin and inhibit Insulin secretion, e.g. in response to oral antidiabetics. Atenolol has less potential for these actions.ContraindicationsHypersensitivity to either component, sinus bradycardia, second and higher degrees of heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, congestive heart failure, poor left ventricular function.Side Effects of Fixocard 50 mgThe combination of Amlodipine and Atenolol is well tolerated. Overall side effects include fatigue, headache, edema, nausea, drowsiness, anxiety and depression.Pregnancy & LactationAtenolol crosses the placenta. So it is contraindicated in pregnancy. It should be avoided during lactation.Precautions & WarningsAtenolol may mask the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It may also mask the symptoms of hypoglycaemia, as well as enhance the effects of hypoglycaemic agents in patients with diabetes mellitus.Storage ConditionsStore in a cool dry place protected from light. Keep out of reach of children.
Fixocard50 mg
Original price was: ₦4,400.00.₦3,960.00Current price is: ₦3,960.00. -
SaleGalvus Met 50 mg+500 mgGalvus Met 50 mg+500 mg tablet is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercises to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose diabetes is not adequately controlled on Metformin Hydrochloride or Vildagliptin alone or who are already treated with the combination of Vildagliptin and Metformin Hydrochloride, as separate tablets.Theropeutic ClassCombination Oral hypoglycemic preparationsPharmacologyVildagliptin acts primarily by inhibiting DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase-4), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). The administration of Vildagliptin results in a rapid and complete inhibition of DPP-4 activity resulting in increased fasting and postprandial endogenous levels of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. By increasing the endogenous levels of these incretin hormones, Vildagliptin increases insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell and decreases glucagon secretion from alpha cell. The enhanced increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio during hyperglycaemia due to increased incretin hormone levels results in a decrease in fasting and postprandial hepatic glucose production, leading to reduced glycaemia.Metformin Hydrochloride is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Glucomin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.Dosage & Administration of Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mgAdults: Based on the patient's current dose of Metformin, Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mg may be initiated at twice daily, 1 tablet in the morning and the other in the evening. Patients receiving Vildagliptin and Metformin from separate tablets may be switched to this combination containing the same doses of each component. Doses higher than 100 mg of vildagliptin are not recommended. There is no clinical experience of Vildagliptin and Metformin in triple combination with other antidiabetic agents. Taking this combination with or just after food may reduce gastrointestinal symptoms associated with Metformin.Interaction of Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mgNo clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction was observed when Vildagliptin (100 mg once daily) was co-administered with Metformin Hydrochloride (1,000 mg once daily). Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mg has a low potential for drug interactions. Since Vildagliptin is not a cytochrome P (CYP) 450 enzyme substrate nor does it inhibit nor induces CYP 450 enzymes, it is not likely to interact with co-medications that are substrates, inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes. As a result of these studies no clinically relevant interactions with other oral antidiabetics (glibenclamide, pioglitazone, metformin hydrochloride), amlodipine, digoxin, ramipril, simvastatin, valsartan or warfarin were observed after co-administration with vildagliptin. On the other hand, furosemide, nifedipine and glyburide increase Cmax and blood AUC of Metformin with no change in renal clearance of Metformin.ContraindicationsGalvus Met 50 mg+500 mg is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Vildagliptin or Metformin Hydrochloride or to any of the excipients. It is contraindicated in patients with renal disease or renal dysfunction, acute myocardial infarction, and septicaemia. It is also contraindicated in patients with congestive heart failure patients and in patients with acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma. It should be temporarily discontinued in patients undergoing radiologic studies involving intravascular administration of iodinated contrast materials, because use of such products may result in acute alteration of renal function.Side Effects of Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mgThe most common side effects are headache, tremor, dizziness, nausea, hypoglycaemia etc.Pregnancy & LactationThere are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women and therefore, this combination should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.?No studies have been conducted with the components of this combination. As it is not known whether Vildagliptin and/or Metformin Hydrochloride is excreted in human milk this combination should not be administered to breast-feeding women.Precautions & WarningsLactic acidosis can occur due to Metformin accumulation. If metabolic acidosis is suspected, treatment should be discontinued and the patient should be hospitalized immediately. Serum creatinine should be monitored at least once a year in patients with normal renal function and 2?4 times a year in patients with serum creatinine levels at the upper limit of normal and in elderly patients. Special caution should be exercised in elderly patients where renal function may become impaired (e.g. when initiating antihypertensives, diuretics or NSAIDs). It is recommended that Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are monitored prior to initiation of this drug, at three-monthly intervals in the first year and periodically thereafter. If transaminase levels are increased, patients should be monitored with a second liver function evaluation to confirm the finding and be followed thereafter with frequent liver function tests until the abnormality return to normal. If AST or ALT persist at 3 x ULN, Vildagliptin & Metformin tablets should be stopped Patients who develop jaundice or other signs of liver dysfunction. Following withdrawal of treatment with Vildagliptin & Metformin and LFT normalization, treatment with Vildagliptin & Metformin should not be reinitiated. Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mg tablets should be discontinued 48 hours before elective surgery with general anaesthesia and should not usually be resumed earlier than 48 hours afterwards.Storage ConditionsKeep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.Use In Special PopulationsUse in pediatric patients: The safety and effectiveness of this combination in pediatric patients have not been established. Therefore, Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mg is not recommended for use in children below 18 years of age. Use in geriatric patients: As Metformin is excreted via the kidney, and elderly patients have a tendency to decreased renal function, elderly patients taking this combination should have their renal function monitored regularly. This combination should only be used in elderly patients with normal renal function. Patients with renal impairment: This combination should not be used in patients with renal failure or renal dysfunction, e.g. serum creatinine levels > 1.5 mg/dl (>135 micro mol/L) in males and > 1.4 mg/dl (>110 micro mol/L) in females. Patients with hepatic impairment: This combination is not recommended in patients with hepatic impairment including patients with a pre-treatment ALT or AST >3 X the upper limit of normal.Drug ClassesCombination Oral hypoglycemic preparationsMode Of ActionVildagliptin acts primarily by inhibiting DPP-4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase-4), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the incretin hormones GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). The administration of Vildagliptin results in a rapid and complete inhibition of DPP-4 activity resulting in increased fasting and postprandial endogenous levels of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. By increasing the endogenous levels of these incretin hormones, Vildagliptin increases insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell and decreases glucagon secretion from alpha cell. The enhanced increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio during hyperglycaemia due to increased incretin hormone levels results in a decrease in fasting and postprandial hepatic glucose production, leading to reduced glycaemia.Metformin Hydrochloride is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Glucomin decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.PregnancyThere are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women and therefore, this combination should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.?No studies have been conducted with the components of this combination. As it is not known whether Vildagliptin and/or Metformin Hydrochloride is excreted in human milk this combination should not be administered to breast-feeding women.Pediatric UsesUse in pediatric patients: The safety and effectiveness of Galvus Met 50 mg+500 mg in pediatric patients have not been established. Therefore, this combination is not recommended for use in children below 18 years of age. Use in geriatric patients: As Metformin is excreted via the kidney, and elderly patients have a tendency to decreased renal function, elderly patients taking this combination should have their renal function monitored regularly. This combination should only be used in elderly patients with normal renal function. Patients with renal impairment: This combination should not be used in patients with renal failure or renal dysfunction, e.g. serum creatinine levels > 1.5 mg/dl (>135 micro mol/L) in males and > 1.4 mg/dl (>110 micro mol/L) in females. Patients with hepatic impairment: This combination is not recommended in patients with hepatic impairment including patients with a pre-treatment ALT or AST >3 X the upper limit of normal.
Galvus Met50 mg+500 mg
Original price was: ₦18,150.00.₦16,879.50Current price is: ₦16,879.50. -
SaleAtova 20 mgAtova 20 mg is indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and triglycerides levels in following diseases when response to diet and other non-pharmacological measures is inadequate. To reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients with heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. To reduce elevated cholesterol and triglycerides in patient with mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Type Ia and Ib). For the treatment of patients with elevated serum triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridaemia (Fredrickson Type IV). For the treatment of patients with dysbetalipoproteinaemia (Fredrickson Type III). To reduce cardiac ischaemic events in patients with asymptomatic or mild to moderate symptomatic coronary artery disease with elevated LDL-cholesterol level. To reduce total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations patients with hypercholesterolemia associated with or exacerbated by diabetes mellitus or renal transplantation.Theropeutic ClassOther Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs, StatinsPharmacologyAtorvastatin is a selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. Atorvastatin lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increases the number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface for enhanced uptake and catabolism of LDL.Dosage & Administration of Atova 20 mgPrimary hypercholesterolaemia and combined hyperlipidaemia- Adults: Usually 10 mg once daily; if necessary, may be increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to max. 80 mg once daily. Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 20 mg once daily. Familial hypercholesterolaemia- Adults: Initially 10 mg daily, increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to 40 mg once daily; if necessary, further increased to max. 80 mg once daily (or 40 mg once daily combined with anion-exchange resin in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia). Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 80 mg once daily. Prevention of cardiovascular events- Adults: Initially 10 mg once daily adjusted according to response.Dosage of Atova 20 mgPrimary hypercholesterolaemia and combined hyperlipidaemia- Adults: Usually 10 mg once daily; if necessary, may be increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to max. 80 mg once daily. Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 20 mg once daily. Familial hypercholesterolaemia- Adults: Initially 10 mg daily, increased at intervals of at least 4 weeks to 40 mg once daily; if necessary, further increased to max. 80 mg once daily (or 40 mg once daily combined with anion-exchange resin in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia). Child (10-18 years): Initially 10 mg once daily, increased if necessary at intervals of at least 4 weeks to usual max. 80 mg once daily. Prevention of cardiovascular events- Adults: Initially 10 mg once daily adjusted according to response.Interaction of Atova 20 mgThe risk of myopathy during treatment with Atorvastatin is increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporin, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, azole antifungals and niacin. No clinically significant interactions were seen when Atorvastatin was administered with antihypertensives or hypoglycemic agents. Patients should be closely monitored if Atorvastatin is added to digoxin, erythromycin, oral contraceptives, colestipol, antacid and warfarin.ContraindicationsAtova 20 mg should not be used in patient with hypersensitivity to any component of this medication. It's contraindicated in active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations of serum transaminases. It is also contraindicated in patient with history of serious adverse reaction to prior administration of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.Side Effects of Atova 20 mgAtova 20 mg is generally well-tolerated. The most frequent side effects related to Atova 20 mg are constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, abdominal pain. Other side effects includes infection, headache, back pain, rash, asthenia, arthralgia, myalgia.Pregnancy & LactationAtova 20 mg is contraindicated in pregnancy and while breast-feeding. Women of child bearing potential should use appropriate contraceptive measures during Atorvastatin therapy. If the woman become pregnant while taking Atova 20 mg, it should be discontinued.Precautions & WarningsLiver effects: Liver function tests should be performed before the initiation of treatment and periodically thereafter. Atorvastatin should be used with caution in patients who consume substantial quantities of alcohol or have a history of liver disease. Atorvastatin therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected.Overdose Effects of Atova 20 mgSpecific treatment is not available for atorvastatin overdose. The patient should be treated symptomatically and supportive measures instituted, as required. Liver function tests should be performed and serum CK levels should be monitored. Due to extensive atorvastatin binding to plasma proteins, hemodialysis is not expected to significantly enhance atorvastatin clearance.Storage ConditionsKeep in a dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.Use In Special PopulationsGeriatric Use: Of the 39,828 patients who received Atorvastatin in clinicalstudies, 15,813 (40%) were ?65 years old and 2,800 (7%) were ?75 years old. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinicalexperience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older adults cannot be ruled out. Since advanced age (?65 years) is a predisposing factor for myopathy, Atorvastatin?should be prescribed with caution in the elderly.Hepatic Impairment: Atorvastatin?is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease whichmay include unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levelsDrug ClassesOther Anti-anginal & Anti-ischaemic drugs, StatinsMode Of ActionAtorvastatin is a selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. This enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a precursor of sterols, including cholesterol. Atorvastatin lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increases the number of hepatic LDL receptors on the cell surface for enhanced uptake and catabolism of LDL.PregnancyPregnancy: Atorvastatin is contraindicated during pregnancy. Safety in pregnant women has not been established. No controlled clinical trials with atorvastatin have been conducted in pregnant women. Rare reports of congenital anomalies following intrauterine exposure to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been received. Animal studies have shown toxicity to reproduction. Maternal treatment with atorvastatin may reduce the fetal levels of mevalonate which is a precursor of cholesterol biosynthesis. Atorvastatin should not be used in women who are pregnant, trying to become pregnant or suspect they are pregnant. Treatment with atorvastatin should be suspended for the duration of pregnancy or until it has been determined that the woman is not pregnantLactation: It is not known whether atorvastatin or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. In rats, plasma concentrations of atorvastatin and its active metabolites are similar to those in milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, women taking atorvastatin should not breastfeed their infants. Atorvastatin is contraindicated during breastfeeding.Pediatric UsesHepatic impairment: Atova 20 mg should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment. Pediatric use: For patients aged 10 years and above, the recommended starting dose of atorvastatin is 10 mg per day with titration up to 20 mg per day. Atova 20 mg is not indicated in the treatment of patients below the age of 10 years.
Atova20 mg
Original price was: ₦16,500.00.₦14,850.00Current price is: ₦14,850.00. -
SaleJardian 10 mgJardian 10 mg is indicated in: As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. Theropeutic ClassSodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) InhibitorsPharmacologyJardian 10 mg is a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. SGLT2 co-transporters are responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney. The glucuretic effect resulting from SGLT2 inhibition reduces renal absorption and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, resulting in increased glucose excretion. Additionally, it contributes to reduced hyperglycaemia, assists weight loss, and reduces blood pressure.Dosage & Administration of Jardian 10 mgThe recommended dose of Jardian 10 mg is 10 mg once daily, taken in the morning, with or without food. In patients tolerating Jardian 10 mg, the dose may be increased to 25 mg once daily. In patients with volume depletion, correcting this condition prior to initiation of Jardian 10 mg is recommended.Dosage of Jardian 10 mgThe recommended dose of Jardian 10 mg is 10 mg once daily, taken in the morning, with or without food. In patients tolerating Jardian 10 mg, the dose may be increased to 25 mg once daily. In patients with volume depletion, correcting this condition prior to initiation of Jardian 10 mg is recommended.Interaction of Jardian 10 mgDiuretics: Co-administration of Jardian 10 mg with diuretics resulted in increased urine volume.?Insulin or Insulin Secretagogues: Co-administration of Jardian 10 mg with insulin or insulin secretagogues increases the risk for hypoglycemia.?Positive Urine Glucose Test: Monitoring glycemic control with urine glucose tests is not recommended in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors as SGLT2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and will lead to positive urine glucose tests. Use alternative methods to monitor glycemic control.?Interference with 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) Assay: Monitoring glycemic control with 1,5-AG assay is not recommended as measurements of 1,5-AG are unreliable in assessing glycemic control in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors. Use alternative methods to monitor glycemic control.ContraindicationsJardian 10 mg is contraindicated in patients with history of serious hypersensitivity reaction to Jardian 10 mg or any of its ingredients, severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease, or dialysis.Side Effects of Jardian 10 mgThe most common adverse reactions associated with Jardian 10 mg are urinary tract infections and female genital mycotic infections. Others common side effects includes dehydration, hypotension, weakness, dizziness and increased thirstiness.Pregnancy & LactationThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Jardian 10 mg in pregnant women. Jardian 10 mg should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known if Jardian 10 mg is excreted in human milk. It is not recommended when breastfeeding.Precautions & WarningsAssessment of renal function is recommended prior to initiation of Jardian 10 mg and periodically thereafter. Jardian 10 mg should not initiated in patients with an eGFR less than 45 ml/min/1.73 m2. No dose adjustment is needed in patients with an eGFR greater than or equal to 45 ml/min/1.73 m2.Overdose Effects of Jardian 10 mgIn the event of an overdose with Jardian 10 mg the usual supportive measures (e.g., remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, perform clinical monitoring, and institute supportive treatment) should be employed. Removal of Jardian 10 mg by hemodialysis has not been studied.Storage ConditionsKeep in a cool & dry place (below 30? C), protected from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Drug ClassesSodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) InhibitorsMode Of ActionJardian 10 mg is a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. SGLT2 co-transporters are responsible for reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate in the kidney. The glucuretic effect resulting from SGLT2 inhibition reduces renal absorption and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, resulting in increased glucose excretion. Additionally, it contributes to reduced hyperglycaemia, assists weight loss, and reduces blood pressure.PregnancyThere are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Jardian 10 mg in pregnant women. Jardian 10 mg should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known if Jardian 10 mg is excreted in human milk. It is not recommended when breastfeeding.
Jardian10 mg
Original price was: ₦13,750.00.₦12,375.00Current price is: ₦12,375.00. -
SaleDimerol 80 mgDimerol 80 mg is a medicine that reduces blood sugar levels (oral antidiabetic medicine belonging to the sulphonylurea group). Dimerol 80 mg is used in a certain form of diabetes (type 2 diabetes Mellitus) in adults, when diet, exercise and weight loss alone do not have an adequate effect on keeping blood sugar at the correct level.Theropeutic ClassSulfonylureasPharmacologyDimerol 80 mg is a second generation sulfonylurea drug that has hypoglycaemic and potentially useful haemobiological properties. It stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic ?-cells by facilitating Ca2+ transport across the ?-cell membranes and decreases hepatic glucose output.Dosage & Administration of Dimerol 80 mgOral route: The usual initial dose is 40 to 80 mg daily. The dose can be increased upto 320 mg daily in divided doses when needed. The drug should be taken before meal. For children Dimerol 80 mg is not used because it is contraindicated in juvenile- onset diabetes.Dosage of Dimerol 80 mgFilm-coated tablet: The usual initial dose is 40 to 80 mg daily. The dose can be increased up to 320 mg daily in divided doses when needed. The drug should be taken before meal. For children, Dimerol 80 mg is not used because it is contraindicated in juvenile-onset diabetes.Modified release preparation: Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. The dose is determined by the doctor, depending on your blood and possibly urine sugar levels. Change in external factors (weight reduction, lifestyle, stress) or improvements in the blood sugar control may require changed Dimerol 80 mg doses.The recommended daily dose is one to four tablets (maximum 120 mg) in a single intake at breakfast time. This depends on the response to treatment. Dimerol 80 mg MR tablet is for oral use. Take your tablet(s) with a glass of water at breakfast time (and preferably at the same time each day). Swallow your whole tablet(s) in one piece. Do not chew or crush. You must always eat a meal after taking your tablet(s).If a combination therapy of Dimerol 80 mg with metformin, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, a thiazolidinedione, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor a GLP-1 receptor agonist or insulin is initiated your doctor will determine the proper dose of each medicine individually for you. If you notice that your blood sugar levels are high although you are taking the medicine as prescribed, you should contact your doctor or pharmacist.If you take more Dimerol 80 mg tablets than you should: If you take too many tablets, contact your doctor or the nearest hospital Accident & Emergency department immediately. The signs of overdose are those of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). The symptoms can be helped by taking sugar (4 to 6 lumps) or sugary drinks straight away, followed by a substantial snack or meal. If the patient is unconscious immediately inform a doctor and call the emergency services. The same should be done if somebody, (for instance a child), has taken the product unintentionally. Unconscious patients must not be given food or drink. It should be ensured that there is always a pre-informed person that can call a doctor in case of emergency.If you forget to take Dimerol 80 mg tablet: It is important to take your medicine every day as regular treatment works better. However, if you forget to take a dose of Dimerol 80 mg MR tablet, take the next dose at the usual time. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose.If you stop taking Dimerol 80 mg MR tablet: As the treatment for diabetes is usually lifelong, you should discuss with your doctor before stopping this medicinal product. Stopping could cause high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) which increases the risk of developing complications of diabetes. If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.Interaction of Dimerol 80 mgOther medicines and Dimerol 80 mg: Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines. The blood sugar lowering effect of Dimerol 80 mg may be strengthened and signs of low blood sugar levels may occur when one of the follow ng medicines is taken: other medicines used to treat high blood sugar (oral antidiabetics, GLP-1 receptor agonists or insulin), antibiotics (sulphonamides, clarithromycin) medicines to treat high blood pressure or heart failure (beta-blockers. ACE-inhibitors such as captopril, or enalapril) medicines to treat fungal infections (miconazole, fluconazole) medicines to treat ulcers in the stomach or duodenum (H2 receptor antagonists), medicines to treat depression (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) painkiller or antirheumatics (phenylbutazone, ibuprofen) medicines containing alcohol The blood-glucose-lowering effect of Dimerol 80 mg may be weakened and raised blood sugar levels may occur when one of the following medicines is taken: medicines to treat disorders of the central nervous system (chlorpromazine) medicines reducing inflammation (corticosteroids) medicines to treat asthma or used during labour (intravenous salbutamol, ritodrine and terbutaline) medicines to treat breast disorders, heavy menstrual bleeding and endometriosis (danazol) St John's Wort- Hypericum perforatum- preparations Blood glucose disturbance (low blood sugar and high blood sugar) can occur when a medicine belonging to a class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones is taken at the same time as Dimerol 80 mg especially in elderly patients.Dimerol 80 mg may increase the effects of medicines that reduce blood clotting (warfarin). Consult your doctor before you start taking another medicinal product. If you go into hospital tell the medical staff you are taking Dimerol 80 mg.Dimerol 80 mg with food and drink: Dimerol 80 mg can be taken with food and non-alcoholic drinks. Drinking alcohol is not recommended as it can alter the control of your diabetes in an unpredictable manner.Driving and using machines: Your ability to concentrate or react may be impaired if your blood sugar is too low (hypoglycaemia), or too high (hyperglycaemia) or if you develop visual problems as a result of such conditions. Bear in mind that you could endanger yourself or others (for instance when driving a car or using machines). Please ask your doctor whether you can drive a car if you: have frequent episodes of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) have few or no warning signals of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) Dimerol 80 mg contains lactose. If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicine.ContraindicationsDo not take Dimerol 80 mg: if you are allergic to Dimerol 80 mg or to other medicines of the same group (sulfonylurea), or to other related medicines (hypoglycaemic sulfonamides) if you have insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1) if you have ketone bodies and sugar in your urine (this may mean you have diabetic ketoacidosis), a diabetic pre-coma or coma if you have severe kidney or liver disease if you are taking medicines to treat fungal infections if you are breastfeeding Side Effects of Dimerol 80 mgLike all medicines, Dimerol 80 mg can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The most commonly observed side effect is low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). If left untreated these symptoms could progress to drowsiness, loss of consciousness or possibly coma. If an episode of low blood sugar is severe or prolonged, even if it is temporarily controlled by eating sugar, you should seek immediate medical attention.Liver disorders: There have been isolated reports of abnormal iiver function, which can cause yellow skin and eyes. If you get this, see your doctor immediately. The symptoms generally disappear if the medicine is stopped. Your doctor will decide whether to stop your treatment.Skin disorders: Skin reactions such as rash, redness, itching, hives, blisters, angioedema (rapid swelling of tissues such as eyelids, face, lips, mouth, tongue or throat that may result in breathing difficulty) have been reported. Rash may progress to widespread blistering or peeling of the skin. If you develop this, stop taking, seek urgent advice from a doctor and tell him that you are taking this medicine. Exceptionally, signs of severe hypersensitivity reactions have been reported: initially as flu-like symptoms and a rash on the face then an extended rash with a high temperature.Blood disorders: Decrease in the number of cells in the blood (e.g. platelets, red and white blood cells) which may cause paleness, prolonged bleeding, bruising, sore throat and fever have been reported. These symptoms usually vanish when the treatment is discontinued.Digestive disorders: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhoea, and constipation. These effects are reduced when Dimerol 80 mg is taken with a meal as recommended.Eye disorders: Your vision may be affected for a short time especially at the start of treatment. This effect is due to changes in blood sugar levels. As for another sulfonylurea, the following adverse events have been observed: cases of severe changes in the number of blood cells and allergic inflammation of the wall of blood vessels, reduction in blood sodium (hyponatraemia), symptoms of liver impairment (for instance jaundice) which in most cases disappeared after withdrawal of the sulfonylurea, but may lead to life-threatening liver failure in isolated cases.Reporting of side effects: If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. By reporting side effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.Pregnancy & LactationDimerol 80 mg is contraindicated in pregnant women. It should not be used in breast feeding mother.Precautions & WarningsTalk to your doctor before taking Dimerol 80 mg. You should observe the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor to achieve proper blood sugar levels. This means, apart from regular tablet intake, to observe the dietary regimen, have physical exercise and, where necessary, reduce weight During Dimerol 80 mg treatment regular monitoring of your blood (and possibly urine) sugar level and also your glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is necessary. In the first few weeks of treatment, the risk of having reduced blood sugar levels (hypoglycaemia) may be increased. So particularly close medical monitoring is necessary.Low blood sugar (Hypoglycaemia) may occur: if you take meals irregularly or skip meals altogether, if you are fasting if you are malnourished if you change your diet if you increase your physical activity and carbohydrate intake does not match this increase, if you drink alcohol, especially in combination with skipped meals, if you take other medicines or natural remedies at the same time, if you take too high doses of Dimerol 80 mg, if you suffer from particular hormone-induced disorders (functional disorders of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or adrenal cortex), if your kidney function or liver function is severely decreased. if you have low blood sugar you may have the following symptoms: headache, intense hunger, nausea, vomiting, weariness, sleep disorders, restlessness, aggressiveness, poor concentration, reduced alertness and reaction time, depression, confusion, speech or visual disorders, tremor, sensory disturbances, dizziness and helplessness.The following signs and symptoms may also occur: sweating, clammy skin, anxiety, fast or irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, sudden strong pain in the chest that may radiate into nearby areas (angina pectoris).If blood sugar levels continue to drop you may suffer from considerable confusion (delirium), develop convulsions, lose self-control, your breathing may be shallow and your heartbeat slowed down, you may become unconscious.In most cases the symptoms of low blood sugar vanish very quickly when you consume .some form of sugar, (for instance, glucose tablets, sugar cubes, sweet juice, sweetened tea).You should therefore always carry some form of sugar with you (glucose tablets, sugar cubes). Remember that artificial sweeteners are not effective. Please contact your doctor or the nearest hospital if taking sugar does not help or if the symptoms recur.Symptoms of low blood sugar may be absent, less obvious or develop very slowly or you are not aware in time that your blood sugar level has dropped. This may happen if you are an elderly patient taking certain medicines (for instance those acting on the central nervous system and beta-blockers).If you are in stressful situations (e.g. accidents, surgical operations, fever etc.) your doctor may temporarily switch you to insulin therapy.Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) may occur when Dimerol 80 mg has not yet sufficiently reduced the blood sugar when you have not complied with the treatment plan prescribed by your doctor if you take St. John?s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations or in special stress situations. These may include thirst, frequent urination, dry mouth, dry itchy skin, skin infections and reduced performance.Blood glucose disturbances (low blood sugar and high bold sugar) can occur when Dimerol 80 mg is prescribed at the same time as medicines to a class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolone, especially in elderly patients. In this case, your doctor will remind you of the importance of monitoring your blood glucose.If you have a family history of or know you have the hereditary condition glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (abnormality of red blood cells), lowering of the haemoglobin level and breakdown of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia) can occur. Contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product.Dimerol 80 mg is not recommended for use in children due to lack of data.Storage ConditionsKeep out of the reach and sight of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and the blister. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Store below 30?C. Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medicines no longer required. These measures will help to protect the environment.Drug ClassesSulfonylureasMode Of ActionDimerol 80 mg is a second generation sulfonylurea drug that has hypoglycaemic and potentially useful hematological properties. It stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic ?-cells by facilitating Ca+2? transport across the ?-cell membranes and decreases hepatic glucose output.PregnancyDimerol 80 mg is not recommended for use during pregnancy. If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor for advice before taking this medicine. You must not take Dimerol 80 mg while you are breastfeeding.
Dimerol80 mg
Original price was: ₦6,160.00.₦5,544.00Current price is: ₦5,544.00. -
SaleAbetis 20 mgAbetis 20 mg is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.Theropeutic ClassAngiotensin-ll receptor blockerPharmacologyOlmesartan medoxomil is a potent, orally active, selective angiotensin II receptor (type AT1) antagonist. It is expected to block all actions of angiotensin II mediated by the AT1 receptor, regardless of the source or route of synthesis of angiotensin II. The selective antagonism of the angiotensin II (AT1) receptors results in increases in plasma renin levels and angiotensin I and II concentrations, and some decrease in plasma aldosterone concentrations. Angiotensin II is the primary vasoactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS) and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of hypertension via the type 1 (AT1) receptor.Dosage & Administration of Abetis 20 mgAdult:?Dosage must be individualized. The usual initial dose is 10 mg once daily. In patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled at this dose, the dose may be increased to 20 mg once daily as the optimal dose. For patients requiring further reduction in blood pressure after 2 weeks of therapy, the dose of Olmesartan may be increased to 40 mg. Doses above 40 mg do not appear to have greater effect.Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.Geriatric Use: Of the total number of hypertensive patients receiving Abetis 20 mg in clinical studies, more than 20% were 65 years of age and over, while more than 5% were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between elderly patients and younger patients.Dosage of Abetis 20 mgDosage must be individualized. The usual recommended starting dose of Olmesartan is 20 mg once daily when used as monotherapy in patients who are not volume-contracted. For patients requiring further reduction in blood pressure after 2 weeks of therapy, the dose of Olmesartan may be increased to 40 mg. Doses above 40 mg do not appear to have a greater effect. Twice-daily dosing offers no advantage over the same total dose given once daily. No initial dosage adjustment is recommended for elderly patients, for patients with moderate to marked renal impairment (creatinine clearance <40 ml/min) or with moderate to marked hepatic dysfunction. For patients with possible depletion of intravascular volume (e.g. patients treated with diuretics, particularly those with impaired renal function), Olmesartan should be initiated under close medical supervision and consideration should be given to use of a lower starting dose. Olmesartan may be administered with or without food.Interaction of Abetis 20 mgWith medicine: No significant drug interactions were reported in which Olmesartan was co-administered.With food & others: Food does not affect the bioavailability of Olmesartan.ContraindicationsOlmesartan is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.Side Effects of Abetis 20 mgCommon: The most common side effects include Back pain, bronchitis, creatine phosphokinase increased, diarrhea, headache, hematuria, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, influenza-like symptoms, pharyngitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis.Rare: Chest pain, peripheral edema, arthritis.Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy Categories?C (first trimester) and D (second and third trimesters).Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether Olmesartan is excreted in human milk, but Olmesartan is secreted at low concentration in the milk of lactating rats. Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.Precautions & WarningsAs a consequence of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, changes in renal function may be anticipated in susceptible individuals treated with Abetis 20 mg. In patients whose renal function may depend upon the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (e.g. patients with severe congestive heart failure), treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists has been associated with oliguria and/or progressive azotemia and (rarely) with acute renal failure and/or death. Similar results may be anticipated in patients treated with Abetis 20 mg.Overdose Effects of Abetis 20 mgSymptoms: There is no experience of overdose with Olmesartan. The most likely effects of Abetis 20 mg overdosage are hypotension and tachycardia; bradycardia could be encountered if parasympathetic (vagal) stimulation occurred.Treatment: If intake is recent, gastric lavage or induction of emesis may be considered. Clinically significant hypotension due to an overdose of Olmesartan requires the active support of the cardiovascular system, including close monitoring of heart and lung function, the elevation of the extremities, and attention to circulating fluid volume and urine output.Storage ConditionsStore in cool & dry place below 30?C, protect from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Use In Special PopulationsHepatic Impairment: Dose should not exceed 20 mg daily in moderate impairment.Renal Impairment: Max. 20 mg daily if eGFR 20?60 mL/minute/1.73 m2. Avoid if eGFR less than 20 mL/minute/1.73 m2.Drug ClassesAngiotensin-ll receptor blockerMode Of ActionAngiotensin-II formed from angiotensin-I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), is a potent vasoconstrictor, the primary vasoactive hormone of the renin-angiotensin system and an important component in the pathophysiology of hypertension. It also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin-II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin-II to the AT 1 receptor found in many tissues (e.g. vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland). In-vitro-binding studies indicate that Olmesartan is a reversible & competitive inhibitor of AT 1 receptor. Olmesartan does not inhibit ACE (kinase-I, the enzyme that converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II and degrades bradykinin).PregnancyPregnancy: When pregnancy is detected, discontinue this product as soon as possible. When used in pregnancy during the second and third trimesters, drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury and even death to the developing fetus.Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether Olmesartan is excreted in human milk, but Olmesartan is secreted at low concentration in the milk of lactating rats. Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.Pediatric UsesPaediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in paediatric patients have not been established.
Abetis20 mg
Original price was: ₦6,050.00.₦5,445.00Current price is: ₦5,445.00. -
SaleIndever 10 mgIndever 10 mg is indicated for: Essential hypertension, Angina pectoris, Cardiac arrhythmia, Thyrotoxicosis, Anxiety, and Prophylaxis of migraine, among other conditions.Theropeutic ClassBeta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, Beta-blockersPharmacologyIndever 10 mg is a non-cardioselective ?-blocker that competitively blocks ?1- and ?2-receptors, leading to reduced heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand. It also possesses membrane-stabilizing properties.Dosage & Administration of Indever 10 mgTablet:? - Adults: Hypertension: A starting dose of 80 mg twice a day may be increased at weekly intervals according to response. The usual dose range is 160-320 mg per day. When used concurrently with diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs, further reduction of blood pressure is achieved.? - Angina, anxiety, migraine, and essential tremor: A starting dose of 40 mg two or three times daily may be increased by the same amount at weekly intervals according to the patient's response. An adequate response in anxiety, migraine, and essential tremor is typically seen in the range of 80-160 mg/day, and for angina, in the range of 120-240 mg/day.? - Situational and generalized anxiety: A dose of 40 mg daily may provide short-term relief of acute situational anxiety. Generalized anxiety usually responds well to 40 mg twice daily, and in individual cases, this may be increased to 40 mg three times daily. Treatment should be continued based on responses, with patient reviews after 6 to 12 months of treatment.? - Dysrhythmias, anxiety tachycardia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and thyrotoxicosis: A dosage range of 10-40 mg three or four times a day usually achieves the required response.? - Post myocardial infarction: Treatment should begin between days 5 and 21 after myocardial infarction, with an initial dose of 40 mg four times a day for 2 or 3 days. To improve compliance, the total daily doses should be given as 80 mg twice a day.? - Phaeochromocytoma (Used only with an alpha receptor blocking drug): Pre-operative: 60 mg daily for three days. Non-operable malignant cases: 30 mg daily.? - Migraine: Under 12 years: 20 mg two or three times daily. Over 12 years: The adult dose.? - Children: Dysrhythmias, Phaeochromocytoma, Thyrotoxicosis: Dosage should be individually determined, with the following serving as a guide: 0.25-0.5 mg/kg three or four times daily as required. Sustained Release Capsule:? - Adult: Hypertension: The usual initial dose is 80 mg of Propranolol SR once daily, whether used alone or in combination with a diuretic. The usual maintenance dosage is 120 to 160 mg once daily.? - Angina pectoris: Starting with 80 mg of Propranolol SR once daily, the dosage should be gradually increased at three to seven-day intervals until the optimum response is achieved.? - Migraine: The initial oral dose is 80 mg of Propranolol SR once daily. The usual effective dose range is 160 to 240 mg once daily. Gradual withdrawal of the drug over several weeks may be advisable in some cases.? - Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: 80 mg of Propranolol SR once daily. Injection:? - Parenteral drug products should be visually inspected for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever the solution and container permit. The usual dose is 1 to 3 mg administered under careful monitoring, such as electrocardiography and central venous pressure. The rate of administration should not exceed 1 mg (1 mL) per minute to minimize the possibility of lowering blood pressure and causing cardiac standstill.? - Sufficient time should be allowed for the drug to reach the site of action, even when a slow circulation is present. If necessary, a second dose may be given after two minutes. Additional drug should not be administered in less than four hours after that.? - Additional Indever 10 mg should not be given when the desired alteration in rate or rhythm is achieved. Transfer to oral therapy as soon as possible.Interaction of Indever 10 mgPatients receiving verapamil, salbutamol, levosalbutamol, ergot alkaloids, lidocaine, or phenobarbital drugs should be closely observed during therapy.ContraindicationsBronchospasm, cardiogenic shock, second or third degree heart block, diabetes mellitus etc.Side Effects of Indever 10 mgCold extremities, lassitude, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, paresthesia etc.Pregnancy & LactationThere are no sufficient and controlled studies in pregnant women. Indever 10 mg is excreted in human milk. Caution should be taken when administering propranolol to a nursing mother.Precautions & WarningsIt should be used cautiously in cases of hepatic and renal impairment, during pregnancy, and while breastfeeding.Overdose Effects of Indever 10 mgSymptoms of overdose may encompass bradycardia, hypotension, acute cardiac insufficiency, and bronchospasm. Overdose treatment involves close monitoring, care in an intensive care unit, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and a laxative to hinder drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, plasma or plasma substitutes may be employed to address hypotension and shock.Storage ConditionsStore in a cool and dry place, protected from light.Drug ClassesBeta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, Beta-blockersMode Of ActionIndever 10 mg is a ?-adrenergic receptor-blocking medication widely used for treating hypertension and angina pectoris. It works by antagonizing catecholamines at ?-adrenergic receptors, thus preventing excessive heart rate and force of contraction, and reducing the heart's oxygen consumption. Propranolol is almost entirely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with a portion undergoing immediate liver metabolism when passing through the portal circulation. Peak plasma concentration is reached within 1 to 1.5 hours after oral administration, with a plasma half-life ranging from 3 to 6 hours. Propranolol's metabolites are excreted through the urine.
Indever10 mg
Original price was: ₦28.05.₦25.30Current price is: ₦25.30. -
SaleCarva 75 mgCarva 75 mg is indicated in the following indications - Prophylaxis against arterial occlusive events: Myocardial infarction, myocardial re-infarction, after bypass surgery, acute ischemic stroke/TIA. Mild to moderate pain: Headache, muscle pain, dysmenorrhea, and toothache, etc. Chronic disease accompanied by pain and inflammation: Osteoarthritis. Antipyretic: Cold fever and influenza.Theropeutic ClassAnti-platelet drugsPharmacologyBy decreasing platelet aggregation, Carva 75 mg inhibits thrombus formation on the arterial side of circulation, where thrombi are formed by platelet aggregation and anticoagulants have little effect. It is the analgesic of choice for headache, transient musculoskeletal pain, and dysmenorrhea. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, which may be useful. Enteric coating reduces the intestinal disturbance and gastrointestinal ulceration due to this medicine.Dosage & Administration of Carva 75 mgPain, Inflammatory diseases and as Antipyretic: Carva 75 mg 300 mg 1-3 tablets 6 hourly with a maximum daily dose of 4 g. Thrombotic cerebrovascular or Cardiovascular disease: Carva 75 mg 300 mg 1 tablet or Carva 75 mg 75 mg 4 tablets daily. After Myocardial infarction: Carva 75 mg 75 mg 2 tablets daily for 1 month. Following By-pass surgery: Carva 75 mg 75 mg 1 tablet daily.Interaction of Carva 75 mgSalicylates may enhance the effect of anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemic agents, phenytoin, and sodium valproate. They inhibit the uricosuric effect of probenecid and may increase the toxicity of sulfonamides. They may also precipitate bronchospasm or induce attacks of asthma in susceptible subjects.ContraindicationsCarva 75 mg is contraindicated in children under 12 years of age (due to the risk of Reye's syndrome), during breastfeeding, and in cases of active peptic ulcer. It should also be avoided in conditions involving bleeding, such as hemophilia, intracranial hemorrhage, and other ulcerations.Side Effects of Carva 75 mgSide effects for the typical dosage of Carva 75 mg are generally mild and may include nausea, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal ulceration, and bronchospasm, among others.Precautions & WarningsIt should be administered cautiously in cases of asthma, uncontrolled blood pressure, and during pregnancy.It should be administered with caution to patients with nasal polyps and nasal allergies.Overdose Effects of Carva 75 mgOverdosage can result in symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, sweating, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and hyperventilation. Severe overdosage may lead to central nervous system depression with coma, cardiovascular collapse, and respiratory depression. If an overdose is suspected, it is crucial to closely monitor the patient for at least 24 hours, as symptoms and salicylate blood levels may not become evident for several hours. The treatment for overdosage involves gastric lavage and forced alkaline diuresis. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be necessary.Storage ConditionsKeep all medicines out of reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.Drug ClassesAnti-platelet drugsMode Of ActionBy reducing platelet aggregation, Carva 75 mg inhibits thrombus formation on the arterial side of circulation, where thrombi primarily form through platelet aggregation, and anticoagulants have limited impact. This medication is the preferred analgesic for addressing conditions such as headaches, transient musculoskeletal pain, and dysmenorrhea. It possesses anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, which can be beneficial. Enteric-coated Carva 75 mg is effective in reducing intestinal disturbance and the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration due to its properties.PregnancyIt is particularly crucial to avoid using Carva 75 mg during the final three months of pregnancy unless explicitly instructed by a physician, as it may lead to issues in the unborn child or complications during delivery. Carva 75 mg can enter breast milk, so it should be administered cautiously to nursing mothers.
Carva75 mg
Original price was: ₦440.00.₦396.00Current price is: ₦396.00. -
SaleNovoMix 30 Penfill 100IU/mlBiphasic Insulin Aspart (rDNA) is indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.CompositionEach ml suspension contains Insulin Aspart (rDNA) 100 units (equivalent to 3.5 mg) as 30% soluble Insulin Aspart and 70% Insulin Aspart Protamine suspensionTheropeutic ClassCombination InsulinPharmacology30% Insulin Aspart and 70% Insulin Aspart Protamine (rDNA) is a human insulin analog suspension containing 30 % soluble Insulin Aspart and 70% Insulin Aspart Protamine crystals. This is a blood glucose lowering agent with an earlier onset and an intermediate duration of action. Insulin Aspart is homologous with regular human insulin with the exception of a single substitution of the proline by aspartic acid in position B28, and is produced by recombinant DNA technology utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker?s yeast).Primary function of insulin, including Insulin Aspart, is regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin and its analogs lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, primarily by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhances protein synthesis.Dosage of NovoMix 30 Penfill 100IU/mlThe dosage of insulin aspart must be individualized.Subcutaneous injection: insulin aspart should generally be given immediately (within 5-10 minutes) prior to the start of a meal.Use in pumps: Change the insulin aspart in the reservoir at least every 6 days, change the infusion set, and the infusion set insertion site at least every 3 days. insulin aspart should not be mixed with other insulins or with a diluent when it is used in the pump.Intravenous use: insulin aspart should be used at concentrations from 0.05 U/mL to 1.0 U/mL insulin aspart in infusion systems using polypropylene infusion bags. insulin aspart has been shown to be stable in infusion fluids such as 0.9% sodiumchloride.Administration of NovoMix 30 Penfill 100IU/mlBefore going for administration of Biphasic Insulin Aspart (rDNA) please follow the below mentioned check list: Insulin syringe of the right size (100 units/ml) Prescribed type of insulin injection Check the expiry date on Biphasic Insulin Aspart (rDNA) vial Ensure that the flip off cap on the Biphasic Insulin Aspart (rDNA) vial is intact After that follow the below mentioned instructions: Wash your hands carefully. Shake or roll the vial 10 times to completely Mix the insulin. lnspect the vial. Vial should appear white and cloudy after mixing. When using a new vial, flip off the plastic protective cap, but do not remove the stopper. The tip of the vial should be wiped with an alcohol swab. Draw air into the syringe equal to your insulin dose. Insert needle into vial through rubber top & push plunger to empty the air into the vial. Turn the bottle and syringe upside down. Hold the bottle and syringe firmly in one hand and shake gently. Make sure that the tip of the needle is in the liquid; withdraw the correct dose of insulin into the syringe. Before removing the needle from the vial, check the insulin syringe for air bubbles, which reduces the amount of insulin in it, if bubbles are present, hold the insulin straight up and tap its side until the bubbles float to the top. Push them out with the plunger and withdraw the correct dose again. Lightly pinch up the skin, holding the syringe like a pencil. Insert the needle into the skin & push the plunger slowly. Make sure that the needle is all the way in. Wait for 5 seconds & pull out the syringe. Do not rub the area. Interaction of NovoMix 30 Penfill 100IU/mlA number of substances affect glucose metabolism and may require dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring.The following are examples that may increase the blood glucose lowering effect and susceptibility to hypoglycemia: oral anti-diabetic products, pramlintide and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, propoxyphene, salicylates and sulfonamide antibiotics.The following substances are examples that may reduce the blood glucose lowering effect: corticosteroids, niacin, danazol, diuretics, sympathomimetic agents, isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, estrogens, progestogens, atypical antipsychotics and danazol. Beta-blockers, clonidine, lithium salts, and alcohol may either potentiate or weaken the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia.ContraindicationsBiphasic Insulin Aspart (rDNA) is contraindicated During episodes of hypoglycemia In patients with hypersensitivity to Insulin Aspart or any of its excipients. Side Effects of NovoMix 30 Penfill 100IU/mlSide effects of Insulin Aspart are hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, weight gain, peripheral edema.Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy category B. Careful monitoring of glucose control is essential in such patients because insulin requirements change during different stages of pregnancy. Therefore female patients should be advised to tell their physician if they intend to become or if they become pregnant while taking insulin aspartLactation: It is unknown whether Insulin Aspart is excreted in human milk as occurs with human insulin. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of the use of insulin aspart in lactating women. Lactating Women may require adjustments of their insulin doses.Precautions & WarningsDose adjustment and monitoring: Blood glucose should be monitored in all patients treated with insulin. Insulin regimens should be modified cautiously and only under medical supervision. Renal or hepatic impairment: Reduction in the Insulin Aspart dose may require in these cases.Overdose Effects of NovoMix 30 Penfill 100IU/mlInsulin Aspart overdose may result in hypoglycemia. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can usually be treated with oral carbohydrates. Severe hypoglycemia may be treated with parenteral glucose or injections of glucagon. Adjustments in drug dosage, meal patterns, or exercise may be needed.Storage ConditionsStore at 2?C to 8?C in a refrigerator. Do not freeze. In case of insulin for recent use need not be refrigerated, try to keep it in a cool place and keep away from heat and light. The insulin in use can be kept under the room temperature for a month.Use In Special PopulationsPediatric: Has not been studied in children with type 2 diabetes. Has not been studied in children with type 1 diabetes <2 years of age
NovoMix 30 Penfill100IU/ml
Original price was: ₦42,900.00.₦40,755.00Current price is: ₦40,755.00. -
SaleThyrin 25 mcg As replacement therapy in hypothyroidism of any aetiology. Replacement therapy should not be instituted in transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute Thyroiditis. For the suppression of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels in the presence of goitres, nodules and after radiological and/or surgical treatment of Thyroid cancer. ... Read more As replacement therapy in hypothyroidism of any aetiology. Replacement therapy should not be instituted in transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute Thyroiditis. For the suppression of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels in the presence of goitres, nodules and after radiological and/or surgical treatment of Thyroid cancer. For the suppression of the goitrogenic effects of other drugs such as Lithium. As a diagnostic aid in suppression tests. Theropeutic ClassThyroid drugs & hormonePharmacologyThis tablet contains synthetic Levothyroxine (also called Thyroxine or T4) which is identical to the natural hormone T4, produced in the Thyroid gland. About 30% of T4 is converted to the much more active Triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. TBG (Thyroxine Binding Globulin) is the major carrier of T4. This binding protects T4 from metabolism and excretion resulting in its long half-life in the circulation. Only about 0.03% of total T4 in plasma is unbound. The half-life of elimination of T4 is 6 to 7 days. In hyperthyroidism, the half-life is shortened to 3 or 4 days, whereas in hypothyroidism it may be 9 to 10 days. In conditions associated with reduced protein in plasma as in nephrosis or hepatic cirrhosis or when binding to protein is inhibited by certain drugs the half-life of T4 may be shortened. The liver is the major site of degradation of Thyroid hormones. T4 is conjugated with Glucuronic and Sulphate conjugates through the Phenolic hydroxyl group and excreted in the urine.There is an enterohepatic circulation of the Thyroid hormones, since they are liberated by hydrolysis in the intestine and reabsorbed. Because of the long half-life of T4, a steady blood level of the biologically more active T3 can be obtained from one single daily dose of Levothyroxine. Therefore, variations in the therapeutic effect are unlikely once the correct dosage has been established.Dosage & Administration of Thyrin 25 mcgAdult dose: Initial starting dose: 25-50 meg/day, with gradual increments in dose at 6-8 week intervals, as needed. The Thyrin 25 mcg dose is generally adjusted in 12.5-25 meg increments until the patient with primary hypothyroidism is clinically euthyroid and the serum TSH has normalized. In patients with severe hypothyroidism: Initial dose is 12.5-25 meg/day with increases of 25 meg/day every 2-4 weeks, accompanied by clinical and laboratory assessment,until the TSH level is normalized. In patients with secondary (pituitary) or tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism: Thyrin 25 mcg dose should be titrated until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum free - T4 level is restored to the upper half of the normal range. For patients older than 50 years or for patients under 50 years of age with underlying cardiac disease: 1.7 meg/kg/day. Pediatric Dosage Newborns: The recommended starting dose is 10-15 meg/kg/day. A lower starting dose should be considered in infants at risk for cardiac failure and the dose should be increased in 4-6 weeks as needed based on clinical and laboratory response to treatment. In infants with very low (12 years but growth and puberty incomplete: 2-3 meg/kg/day Growth and puberty complete: 1.7 meg/kg/day. The dose should be adjusted based on clinical response and laboratory parameters. In the treatment of goitres, nodules and Thyroid cancer, the objective is to ensure a constant and sufficient suppression of TSH. For suppression of TSH levels, a gradual increase in dosing is usually not necessary. For adults, the usual suppressive dosage of T4 is 2.6 meg/kg of body weight daily. When Thyrin 25 mcg is used as a diagnostic aid, the dosage depends on the type of investigation.Dosage of Thyrin 25 mcgAdult dose: Initial starting dose: 25-50 mcg/day, with gradual increments in dose at 6-8 week intervals, as needed. The Thyrin 25 mcg dose is generally adjusted in 12.5-25 mcg increments until the patient with primary hypothyroidism is clinically euthyroid and the serum TSH has normalized. In patients with severe hypothyroidism: Initial dose is 12.5-25 mcg/day with increases of 25 mcg/day every 2-4 weeks, accompanied by clinical and laboratory assessment,until the TSH level is normalized. In patients with secondary (pituitary) or tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism: Thyrin 25 mcg dose should be titrated until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum free - T4 level is restored to the upper half of the normal range. For patients older than 50 years or for patients under 50 years of age with underlying cardiac disease: 1.7 mcg/kg/day. Pediatric Dosage (Newborns): The recommended starting dose is 10-15 mcg/kg/day. A lower starting dose should be considered in infants at risk for cardiac failure and the dose should be increased in 4-6 weeks as needed based on clinical and laboratory response to treatment. In infants with very low (12 years but growth and puberty incomplete: 2-3 mcg/kg/day Growth and puberty complete: 1.7 mcg/kg/day. The dose should be adjusted based on clinical response and laboratory parameters.Interaction of Thyrin 25 mcgConcurrent use of tri/tetracyclic antidepressants and Levothyroxine may increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of both drugs, possibly due to increased receptor sensitivity to catecholamines.Toxic effects may include increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and CNS stimulation; onset of action of tricyclics may be accelerated. Administration of sertraline in patients stabilized on Levothyroxine may result in increased Levothyroxine requirements. Addition of Levothyroxine to antidiabetic or insulin therapy may result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements. Careful monitoring of diabetic control is recommended, especially when thyroid therapy is started, changed, or discontinued. Serum digitalis glycoside levels may be reduced in hyperthyroidism or when the hypothyroid patient is converted to the euthyroid state. Therapeutic effect of digitalis glycosides may be reduced.Contraindications Untreated subclinical or overt Thyrotoxicosis of any etiology Acute Myocardial Infarction Uncorrected Adrenal failure. Side Effects of Thyrin 25 mcgAdverse reactions associated with Levothyroxine therapy are primarily those of hyperthyroidism due to therapeutic overdose. They include the following: General: Fatigue, increased appetite, weight loss, heat intolerance, fever, excessive sweating; Central nervous system: Headache, hyperactivity, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, emotional lability, insomnia. Musculoskeletal: Tremors, muscle weakness. Cardiovascular: Palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, increased pulse and blood pressure Respiratory: Dyspnea. Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps. Dermatologic: Hair loss, flushing. Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy Category A. Pregnancy may increase Levothyroxine requirements. Although Thyroid hormones are excreted only minimally in human milk,caution should be exercised when it is administered to a nursing woman.However, adequate replacement doses of Levothyroxine are generally needed to maintain normal lactation.Precautions & Warnings In patients whose hypothyroidism is due to a decrease in pituitary gland function, there may also be adrenocortical insufficiency;before starting Levothyroxine therapy, this should be treated by adequate replacement with Corticosteroids to prevent acute adrenal insufficiency. The choice of the starting dose and of any increases in dosing should be made with great care in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or severe and long-existing hypothyroidism.Too high an initial dose or too rapid an increase in dosing may lead to development or worsening of angina complaints, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure or to sudden increase in blood pressure, especially in older patients. Any marked change of body weight during treatment with T4 requires adjustment of the dosage. When monitoring blood levels of T3 and T4, it should be borne in mind that a "high" normal to slightly increased T4 level will be necessary in order to obtain a normal level of T3. The correct dosage of Levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism should generally be established by monitoring the serum level of TSH to see whether it has normalized. Because intoxication with Thyroid preparations may have serious consequences. Overdose Effects of Thyrin 25 mcgThe signs and symptoms of overdose are those of hyperthyroidism - agitation, confusion, irritability, hyperactivity, headache, sweating, mydriasis, tachycardia, arrhythmias, tachypnoea, pyrexia, increased bowel movements and convulsions. Cerebral embolism, shock, coma, and death have been reported. Symptoms may not necessarily be evident or may not appear until several days after ingestion of Thyrin 25 mcg. Dose of Thyrin 25 mcg should be reduced or temporarily discontinued if signs or symptoms of overdosage occur. Treatment is symptomatic.Storage ConditionsStore below 30?C and dry place, protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.Drug ClassesThyroid drugs & hormoneMode Of ActionThis tablet contains synthetic Levothyroxine (also called Thyroxine or T4) which is identical to the natural hormone T4, produced in the Thyroid gland. About 30% of T4 is converted to the much more active Triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues. TBG (Thyroxine Binding Globulin) is the major carrier of T4. This binding protects T4 from metabolism and excretion resulting in its long half-life in the circulation. Only about 0.03% of total T4 in plasma is unbound. The half-life of elimination of T4 is 6 to 7 days. In hyperthyroidism, the half-life is shortened to 3 or 4 days, whereas in hypothyroidism it may be 9 to 10 days. In conditions associated with reduced protein in plasma as in nephrosis or hepatic cirrhosis or when binding to protein is inhibited by certain drugs the half-life of T4 may be shortened. The liver is the major site of degradation of Thyroid hormones. T4 is conjugated with Glucuronic and Sulphate conjugates through the Phenolic hydroxyl group and excreted in the urine.There is an enterohepatic circulation of the Thyroid hormones, since they are liberated by hydrolysis in the intestine and reabsorbed. Because of the long half-life of T4, a steady blood level of the biologically more active T3 can be obtained from one single daily dose of Levothyroxine. Therefore, variations in the therapeutic effect are unlikely once the correct dosage has been established.PregnancyPregnancy Category A. Pregnancy may increase Levothyroxine requirements. Although Thyroid hormones are excreted only minimally in human milk,caution should be exercised when it is administered to a nursing woman.However, adequate replacement doses of Levothyroxine are generally needed to maintain normal lactation.
Thyrin25 mcg
Original price was: ₦61.05.₦55.00Current price is: ₦55.00.